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A bright figurative definition is ... What are epithets, personifications, comparisons and metaphors

In each school, in literature lessons, children are taught what epithets, personifications, comparisons, metaphors are. These are the basic figurative definitions that create an artistic picture of reality in literature. The ability to clearly distinguish between these definitions ensures a more accurate understanding of literary texts.

Nature of figurative definitions

The very concept of fiction predicts the existence of certain means that form a vivid imagery, make the text a work of art. In music these are sounds, in painting - colors, in a poem and a novel - words.

Thus, a vivid figurative definition is an expressively expressive means in fiction, with the help of which a vivid reality is created from words.

There are several types of figurative definitions. The most common are epithets, metaphors, personifications and comparisons. There are also hyperboles and litotes, anaphores and epiphores. But using them has a deeper meaning, and they are less amenable to a simple analysis.

Artistic definition

The simplest and most understandable artistic means in the literature are epithets. They are used in almost any work and add to it imagery and dimensionality.

Epithet is a vivid figurative definition, which indicates the additional qualities of the image that he describes. As a rule, they are expressed with the help of adjectives: clear sun, dull time, gray-eyed king.

It is noteworthy that adjectives do not always act as an epithet in an artistic text. For example: green grass is a standard definition, which does not give an additional image characteristic. The grass is always green under normal conditions. But the burned autumn grass is already epithets that add bulk to the overall perception of the art picture in the text.

Epithets can be permanent and random. Constants are found in folk art: a black horse, a red girl. Random - this is the result of the individual creativity of the authors. Sometimes such epithets in other works are never found again.

Revival of the inanimate in the literature

Artistic texts tend to show non-living objects through their living manifestation. This technique is called impersonation. Such a vivid definition is a way to revitalize the surrounding reality in order to give it more expressiveness: the frost is cracking, the wind is howling, the trees are singing.

The description of the inanimate nature, as if it is alive, makes it possible to more accurately form a picture of artistic reality. Here the following method works: a person better perceives an emotional mood, if he can empathize with him. To this end, subjects are assigned human qualities.

From the number of personifications in the text, it depends on what effect the author wants to receive. If the whole work is filled with this imaginative definition, it creates the impression of an unreal picture of what is happening. This is typical of mystical and surrealistic works.

In fairy tales, impersonations also play a major role. Small children learn the world more easily if characters are not people, but living and inanimate nature.

Compare to better imagine

Based on the comparison of different similar or not similar objects, one more vivid imagery is created. Comparison is the creation of a picture of the world, in which against the background of one phenomenon, the qualities of the second appear. Well-known words - "The white birch under my window is covered with snow, like silver" - will serve as a vivid example of this artistic means of expression. Here, the fresh snow shining in the sun is compared with precious metal. From this the picture acquires a touch of nobility and solemnity.

Comparisons can be of several kinds. Based on the similarity of objects, this bright figurative definition is formed most often: a dark tan, like a chocolate; Fresh as the fluff, snow . But for greater expressiveness and contrast, comparisons can be made in real life of little similar objects: stuck like a bee in syrup; White, like soot on the chimney sweep . This technique can be called even more expressive, since it carries a much stronger emotional charge.

Comparison without comparison

For literature, a vivid figurative definition is a means of artistic transformation of reality. The peak of mastery in this process is considered a metaphor.

Briefly, the essence of this tool is expressed in such words - comparison without comparison. The essence of it is that the name of one phenomenon of reality is replaced by another on the basis of their similarity or some kind of contiguity: "shoes are walking along the street" instead of "people walking in shoes", "eat a plate" instead of "eat all the food from a plate" "Girl-chocolate" instead of "a girl with a chocolate-colored tan."

Metaphors come in several forms, but they all have one thing in common - some similarity or belonging to reality with a comparable object.

The difficulty in analyzing metaphors is that the motives for such a comparison are not always transparent and clear. Sometimes it seems that the complex metaphorical nature of the text is not justified, although in fact, one may simply not have enough actual knowledge to reveal the whole essence of the author's imagery.

The ability to disclose the inner meaning of metaphors is the highest skill in the analysis of artistic texts.

The role of artistic means of expression

Above we have already figured out what epithets, personification, comparison, metaphors are. It remains unclear why we should confuse the text so that we can sit and analyze what the author wanted to say with these definitions.

In fact, profound literary critics and critics are engaged in in-depth analysis. With their work, ordinary readers in most cases are not familiar.

Analysis of artistic definitions in everyday life occurs at the intuitive level and level of perception of the text. At school, children are taught how to read works correctly, realizing that there is much more meaning behind simple comparison than seen on the surface.

An experienced reader is a person with a good imagination, which can recreate in his head the picture described in the work. To make it more detailed and emotional, the authors use these tools.

There are several synonyms for the word "figurative definition", the main one of which can be called an expressive means. The task of a metaphor and an epithet is to depict reality as the author sees it, and express one's attitude towards it in such a way that the reader understands this too.

History of appearance

The development of fiction goes back to ancient times. It is difficult to say when exactly the expressive means of lexicon appeared: epithet, comparison, metaphor. It is known that people have always drawn to the beautiful, so they wanted to embellish even simple pictures of everyday life.

According to the complexity of the analysis, it can be assumed that in the first place the simplest figurative definitions, such as the epithet and the personification, arose. Comparison requires a certain life experience from the narrator and listener, so it may have appeared a little later.

Of course, a metaphor is the peak of artistic skill. It is quite complex and voluminous both in its meaning and in the process of its formation. Metaphors are more characteristic of modern literature. In ancient times, its replacement was an allegory, which today is much less common.

The method of determining the figurative means of expression

Any work on figurative expressions begins with their definition in the text. Next, you need to figure out what they mean and what they point out.

The next step is to determine the author's goal. Creating such an expression, he wanted to achieve a certain emotional effect. And lastly, it is worthwhile to understand exactly how this metaphor or epithet responds to what the author wanted to say.

In practice, a vivid and figurative definition is a complex multilevel phenomenon that unfolds as completely as the reader's experience in a person perceiving an artistic text suffices.

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