22 LR (chuck): characteristics, overview

.22 LR (cartridge) - a very popular ammunition among hunters and fans of sports shooting (in the original Long Rifle, in English translation - "long rifle"). Weapons for him now released a little, which is due to a very narrow specialization: it is mainly used for hunting small game.

Differences

.22 LR - small-caliber cartridge with annular ignition. This means that the firing pin does not strike the center, but into the flange of the cartridge case (the peripheral part of the bottom). Thus, in the ammunition, the capsule does not exist as a separate unit, the whole impact composition is pressed directly into the bottom of the cartridge case. As a rule, bullets in the rounds of annular ignition lead, although sometimes there are others. Low-powered ammunition is used to extract a small beast: squirrels, marmots, and also in stand shooting. For example, in the US it is considered the most convenient cartridge for shooting ground squirrels.

History

In 1887, the world first heard about .22 LR. The cartridge was released by the American company J. Stevens Arm & Tool Company. In our time, round ignition cartridges are almost not used, but Long Rifle is still in use and is popular. He is the record-holder by the number of issues.

Reason for popularity

It may seem that modern man is unlikely to attract .22 LR - a cartridge that is already more than a century old, and it will be used only by lovers of antiquity. However, it is not. There are three reasons for its popularity: low cost, almost no recoil and good ballistic qualities when shooting at close range.

Proceeding from this, the ammunition becomes ideal for a long hunt for small fur-bearing animals and for training, because when compared with a central battle patron, .22 LR can be used up to an order of magnitude more during the same time. Especially it concerns shooting at shooting, when in a very short period of training it is necessary to make several hundred shots, and even the average return becomes very sensitive.

A little about weapons

Another important fact is that the weapon for ammunition of .22 LR caliber has, perhaps, almost the lowest price in the civil market, and basically the device is as simple and reliable as possible, thanks to low power. Such weapons will suit even the most inexperienced archers.

In general, these are hunting and sporting rifles, but there are also pistols, most of them also training and sports. Rarely are pistols for self-defense under LR. The interchangeability of various modifications of .22 caliber is minimal, for example, .22 Short and Long can be used in weapons under .22 LR, but others, such as .22 WMR (Magnum), will not work because of the difference in the size of the sleeve (6.1 mm And 5.75 mm for Magnum and LR respectively).

Weapon for the cartridge

Models for ammunition .22 LR quite a lot. This includes both revolvers and self-loading pistols, such as the Margolin pistol (a Soviet pistol for sports shooting, used in competitions from 1954 to 1979), as well as IL-34 and MC-3. Such hunting models as TOZ-11 (Soviet hunting carbine, manufactured by the Tula arms factory), TOZ-17 and 18, as well as TOZ-78 are suitable for this caliber of hunting rifles and carbines.

In the range of sports and training magazine rifles, the list of weapons for LR can include BI-7-2 and TOZ-9. Further, if we talk about self-loading rifles, Long Rifle will approach the US AR-7 folding rifle, developed in the late fifties. In the States and Western Europe, it is still very popular. It is considered an ideal option for training shooting, and it is taken with them to travel by tourists. The list can be supplemented with TSV-1, the Training Sniper Rifle, which was developed on the basis of the SVD. This is, of course, impossible to name because of the short range of fire: only 100 m, but this is fully justified by its name.

Another small-caliber sniper rifle under .22 LR is the SV-99, which is now used in some Russian subdivisions. Its rate of fire is about 10 rounds per minute, and the speed of the bullet is 345 m / s. Store for five rounds, and the maximum range of fire is 150 meters.

For Special Forces

Special forces also have a weapon for ammunition .22 LR. The standard for these "guns" is a virtually silent shot. These are silent guns, for example the British Welrod, which was developed in 1942 for the needs of intelligence and special units. An interesting feature of it is that at a nominal capacity of a magazine of eight cartridges it was recommended to equip only five to ensure the reliability of the feed. This also includes the so-called "De Lisle" - De Lisle carbine, also an English weapon: a carbine with an integrated muffler. "De Lizl" was used in the Second World War, in addition to British troops, it was equipped with some units of America and France.

There are many other hunting and sports models of weapons for the .22 LR cartridge.

Characteristics

The length of the cartridge is 25.4 mm. The initial speed of the bullet is low, from 250 to 500 m / s, depending on the weapon, which is associated with a short flight range. Bullet energy in J: from 55 to 90 - for pistols and from 125 to 259 - for rifles. The diameter of the flange (peripheral part of the bottom) is 7.1 mm, the diameter of the base of the sleeve is 5.74 mm, and its length is 15.57 mm. The mass of the bullet is 1.9 to 2.6 g, and the mass of the powder charge used can be from 0.07 to 0.11 g.

In military affairs

If we talk about the use of a cartridge against people, here he does not possess outstanding qualities. Because of its low power, it is practically not used in military affairs, because simply to disable a person, it was necessary to have a fairly large number of hits. However, several successful applications are known, for example, in the case of the American-180 submachine gun. High rate of fire, up to 1,500 rounds per minute, as well as a fairly voluminous store (from 165 to 275 cartridges) made it possible to compensate for shortcomings in armor piercing and Long Rifle power.

Another interesting application of the ammunition was found during the training of personnel of the Red Army in the pre-war period. Before shooting from the machine guns Degtyarev and Maxim, the soldiers were trained on a small-caliber machine gun Blum - an educational substitute for a fighting machine gun. This allowed not only to minimize the number of accidents, but also significantly reduce the costs of training personnel. Subsequently, Blum's machine gun was sometimes used as a weapon for shooting wolves.