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Wooden trusses with their own hands: construction, calculation

One can not doubt that the reliability of the roof is one of its important characteristics. At the heart of this design are trussed load-bearing trusses. Their installation can be called a responsible and time-consuming work, which provides for accurate calculations. The rafter system must undergo the weight of covering materials, insulation, sheds and precipitation in the form of ice and snow. Considering all these factors, the rafters should be given maximum strength. You can make them yourself, but for this it is important to take into account the region in which the house is built, as well as all its features, including wind and snow loads. This should include the seismicity of the area of development.

Design

Wooden farms are assembled from hanging and inclined rafters, mauerlat, ridge runs, struts, diagonal ties and braces. The joined parts form a truss truss, which has the appearance of a triangle or several triangles connected together. The bearing part of the roof construction is the rafters system, which is also called rafter legs. The angle at which they are installed corresponds to the angle of inclination of the roof.

Wooden farms with their own hands are made using technology that provides for the installation of rafters on the Mauerlat, located on the wall. This is required for even weight distribution. In the upper part, the ends of the rafters and the run are joined, the last of which is called the sidewall bar. In this part is the end of the roof. The distance between the rafters must be determined by the characteristics of the roofing material, the cross-section of the rafters, and other factors. This parameter can vary from 0.8 to 2 m.

What else you need to know about the construction of trusses

Wooden trusses, as mentioned above, consist of rafter legs. They should be located parallel to the slopes, as their task is to exclude the deflection of the roof structure. If it is a run, it is carried out in the form of a transverse bar, which is located longitudinally from above. To support the rails of the rafter structure stand and legs. The components of the underarm truss are struts, it is thanks to them that the stability of the rafters is ensured.

Carrying out of calculations

The calculation of a wooden farm, of course, is best entrusted to professionals, in the course of these works, loads that are called permanent, as well as temporary and special, must be taken into account. The first is the weight of the components of the roofing pie. Whereas temporary loads are the weather and the weight of people who can climb the roof for repairs. This should also include the wind factor.

Special loads are those to which the building is exposed in areas with increased seismic hazard. The most important is the calculation of the snow load, which is carried out according to the formula: S = Sg × μ, in it Sg is the mass of snow load per square meter. This parameter is conditional, and the value is determined by the table depending on the region. As for the value of μ, it is a coefficient depending on the angle of inclination of the roof. In order to determine the wind load, you should know in which zone the house is located, it can be an open space or urban development.

The construction of the wooden truss is calculated, also based on the normative value of the wind load in a certain region. It is necessary to take into account the height of the building. But in order to determine the distance between the rafters, you should know their cross-section and length. If the cross-section of the beam is 8x10 cm and the length of the rafters does not exceed 3 m, then the distance between similar elements should be 120 cm. If the cross-section of the beam is increased to 8x18 cm and the length of the rafters is up to 4 m, the distance will be 140 cm. , Which is 10x20 cm, while the length of the rafters should not be more than 6 m, the distance between them will be 140 cm.

As for the remaining elements of the roofing system, they should have the following sections: Mauerlat - 15x15 or 10x15, diagonal rafter legs - 10x20, puffs - 5x15, struts - 10x10, and also runs with the last of the mentioned sections.

It is important to know the cross-section of crossbars and filing boards, in the first case this value will be 10x15, whereas in the second case - 2.5x10 cm. If you are installing wooden trusses, you can easily calculate the required number of elements, knowing the section of the rafters and the length . It is also important to know the installation step.

Manufacture of trusses

At the first stage, the wizard needs to create a template on the basis of which further work will be performed. Rafters have the same design, so the template saves time and effort. Two boards on one edge must be connected by a nail, as a result, a design that looks like scissors looks like. When the wooden trusses are carried out by their own hands, the free edges of the obtained scissors must be installed on the supports at the points where the rafters are placed. This will determine which slope will have a roofing slope.

An additional pair of nails will allow you to fix the angle that is between the boards. At this point, you can assume that the template is ready. In addition, it can be secured with a crossbeam. In order that the angle does not change under the influence of loads, the crossbar can be fixed with screws.

Methods of work

If you decide to make wooden trusses, then you should be careful when creating a template, even if it has minimal deviations, the whole construction will skew. The next step is to run a new template to prepare the cuts on the elements of the system. In doing so, you should stock up a 0.5-cm plywood, for fixing you should use a board with a thickness of 2.5 cm.

Conclusion

Cuttings should be selected, given the cross-section of the rafters. When wooden trusses are made, with the help of ready-made patterns, it is possible to make cuts and begin to collect the truss.

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