What is the Chernobyl Arc? Description

What is the Chornobyl "Arc"? What is the principle of its operation? These and other issues we will consider in the article. Megapolis Chernobyl-2 is located north-west of the small Polesie town of Chernobyl, but it is not on any topographic map. Analyzing the maps, you can find on the location of the city the dotted lines of forest trails or the designation of boarding schools for toddlers, but not the designations of technical or urban buildings. In the USSR, they knew how to hide a secret, especially if it was a military one.

OHRLLS

Where was the Chernobyl "Arc"? Only with the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and the disintegration of the USSR did people learn about the existence of a military garrison (small town) in the Polesie forests, which they traded with "space reconnaissance". In the last century, in the seventies, the military created unique radar systems, through which it was possible to observe the launches of intercontinental missiles from the lands of a probable enemy. The invented radar was named the radar over-the-horizon station (ZHRLS).

The Chernobyl "Duga" had colossal dimensions of receiving antennas and masts, demanded a huge human reserve - about 1000 soldiers carried combat duty at this facility. For the military and their families, a small town was created, with a single street called "Kurchatov Street".

The decision to manufacture the radar overhang system "Arc No.1" (near the city of Chernobyl) was made on the basis of the resolutions of the authorities of 1972, January 18, and 1975, April 14.

Already in 1976, the most important radar unit ZGRPS Chernobyl-2 was assembled. Leading designer of ZGRPS in Chernobyl-2 was the Research Institute of Long-range Radio Communication (NIIDAR). The main inspirer of the idea and designer of ZGRPS was Kuzminsky Franz.

Testing

The first test of the Chornobyl "Arc" was carried out by the State Commission in 1979. Specialists noted that when the tests were being prepared, it was necessary to solve a number of technical problems that appeared due to the introduction of an absolutely unique, new, unparalleled in the world experience means.

During the tests, launches of carrier rockets and ballistic missiles from the eastern US missile platform were discovered, and the adequacy of the modules was inspected as a result of the detection of passing launches of intercontinental American missiles.

At the same time, design flaws were identified, which included the lack of qualitative identification of single targets and small categories of tasks. Durable operation of the ZGRS was achieved only for situations of powerful strikes of intercontinental missiles of a possible enemy.

According to the decision of the authorities of 1982, on May 30, in spite of a certain functional localization, in 1982 the Chernobyl ZGRPS was accepted for pilot development.

On this occasion, the creators of the complex were awarded the power - Danilov BM, Vasenev VN, Krokunov Yu. M., Dubrovsky NF and others.

Problems

The Chernobyl "Arc" is an amazing object. Together with it, two more similar complexes were built in the cities of Komsomolsk-on-Amur and Nikolaev. With the beginning of operation of installations there were additional problems. It turned out that some operating frequencies of radar devices were combined with the devices of the fishing fleet and civil aviation of the European powers. The USSR received an official address from Western countries that the installations affect the safety of the air fleet and the shipping company.

The USSR went on a compromise and stopped using the working frequencies. The task of eliminating the shortcomings of radar activity was determined by the engineers. The designer and the scientists decided it, and in 1985, after the upgrade, the device began to pass the State Acceptance.

Evacuation

Many people ask: Chernobyl "Arc" - what kind of design is this? After the accident in 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the ZGRPS was removed from the military watch, and the equipment was preserved. Civilians and military residents were evacuated from the zone contaminated with radiation.

When the military and the leadership of the USSR realized the scale of the ecological disaster, it was decided (in 1987) to take out valuable equipment and systems to the megalopolis of Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

So, the rare object providing the space shield of the Soviet country ceased to function, and the metropolis and its infrastructure were forgotten and abandoned.

Fate of stations

Chernobyl "Arc" - what is it really? "Doug" (5Н32) is a radar over-the-horizon Soviet station for the design of early detection of launches of ballistic intercontinental missiles, as discussed above. There are at least three such stations:

• The experimental complex "Duga-N" near Nikolaev 47 ° 02'28 "p. W. 32 ° 11'57 "in. Etc. HG YAO, developed by the chief designer FA Kuzminsky. Was dismantled in 2000.
• In the zone of Chernobyl "Arc No. 1" (Chernobyl-2 project) 51 ° 18'19 "p. W. 30 ° 03 "57" in. Etc. HG YAO and 51 ° 38 "15" s. W. 30 ° 42'10 "in. Etc. HG. After modernization, the state tests did not pass (1985-1986). In 1986, on April 26, was stopped because of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Part of the equipment was transported to Komsomolsk-on-Amur, as discussed above.
• In the village of Bolshaya Kartel, near Komsomolsk-on-Amur 50 ° 53'34 "s. W. 136 ° 50'12 "in. Etc. HG YAO and 50 ° 23'07 "s. W. 137 ° 19'41 "in. Etc. HG YAO - was intended only for receiving signals. The transmitting base was located near the LIAN-2 ZATO. It was removed from the military watch in 1989, on November 14, in connection with the change in the world situation. For today it is disassembled.

Development

In the photo Chornobyl "Doug" looks amazing. It was a completely secret facility until the 1980s, tracking high-flying objects at a distance of 900 to 3000 km in the circumpolar region. With the help of ultramodern and powerful radars at that time, the military turned out, in the literal sense of the word, to look beyond the horizon.

As a result of such qualities, this complex was named "Duga-1". It was created by such designers and developers: Shtyren Yefim, Kuzminsky Franz, Shustov Ether, V. Shamshin, V. Vasyukov.

Structure

Agree, it is rather interesting to study the description of the Chernobyl "Arc". Its radar operated in the frequency range 5-28 MHz.

It is difficult to speak about the exact geometric parameters of LEL. The information of the public literature is illogical and, possibly, distorted. The antennas are made on the principle of an antenna phased array. Since such an extensive band of frequencies one antenna could not overlap, the entire volume is divided into two parts, and two antenna arrays are also installed:

• The high-frequency antenna of the Chernobyl "Arc" was 250 meters in length and up to 100 meters in height. On the maps, its length is 230 m.
• The antenna is low-frequency: the height of the masts is from 135 to 150 m, the length is from 300 to 500 m. On the maps, its length is 460 m.

With such parameters, the construction is visible from almost any point of the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Nearby there was a station for the inclined-recurrent study of the ionosphere "Krug", which was auxiliary to the ZHRLS, as well as for the development of current data on the passage of radio waves, the state of their moving environment, and the choice of the frequency optimal scale.

The Chornobyl radar "Duga" was intended only for receiving signals. The transmitting center was located near the village of Rassudovo, 60 km from Chernobyl-2 near the town of Lubech (Chernigov region). The transmitting antennas were also manufactured in accordance with the phased array antenna principle and had smaller dimensions: their height was 85 m. The V / h, according to E. Shevchenko, was liquidated in 1988.

The complete closure of the Chernobyl-2 metropolitan infrastructure was not immediately carried out: the work was suspended until 1987. But it soon became clear that in conditions of alienation of the zone it is impossible to exploit. The basic nodes of the ZHRS were dismantled and taken out.

Interesting Facts

The height of the Chernobyl "Arc" strikes everyone. About this object in 2015 was filmed The Russian Woodpecker, which for the best foreign documentary film at the Sundance Festival received the award of a grand jury.

For a typical sound on the air (produced at work knocking), "Doug" began to be called Russian Woodpecker ("Russian Woodpecker").

"Russian Woodpecker"

So, you already know that the height of the Chernobyl "Arc" was colossal. For the first time, electromagnetic transmissions from this facility began in 1976, on July 4. They on the whole planet violated radio communication in the range from 3 to 30 MHz. Impulses spread with a gap of one tenth of a second. The signal was recorded not only with special equipment: it was heard in simple transistors, as a vibrating knock.

In many countries around the world, thousands of complaints from simple radio amateurs and companies have been pouring on Russky Dyatla. Since the "Doug" was knocking on frequencies that were protected by international agreements for civil consumption, the authorities of the United States, Canada and Britain declared the USSR a protest. But the Soviet Union did not recognize even that the Woodpecker existed.

The world association of radio amateurs even tried to suppress the "Russian Woodpecker", trying to broadcast rectangular bursts in the opposite phase at the same frequency to become a hindrance to the woodpecker-transistor of the USSR. Yet this attempt failed too.

On the appointment of the "Russian Woodpecker" people began to make different assumptions. So, even high-ranking officials considered the theory of consciousness management. One of the experts of the US Department of Defense said that the signal of "Russian Woodpecker" is the most powerful source of electromagnetic radiation that a person has ever created. He claimed that this source is psychoactive, since it has 40 million watts and 10 pulses per second. He admired the fact that this energy was radiated from the USSR and penetrated everything in the USA. The US Federal Communications Commission in 1988 conducted an inquiry and, in the end, found out the real purpose of the "Arc".

Study

Other possible effects of the work of the Russian Woodpecker from weather change to the disastrous impact on the consciousness of the masses were actively studied by Western special services, seriously analyzing the Dugu as a test weapon of the USSR. Such hypotheses were fully justified, since for several years various influences of high-power magnetoelectric radiations had been analyzed.

For example, the scientist Tesla at the beginning of the century conducted experiments on the wireless transmission of electricity, because of which the power supply was disrupted and hundreds of forest fires occurred due to thunder storms. In the magazine "Specula" published survey data, which revealed that the magnetoelectric signals of certain frequencies can be transmitted through the Earth's thickness.

Penetrating into its surface at an angle of 30 degrees, they form in the depths of the earth standing waves that combine with the waves emitted by the hot core of the planet. Because of this, atmospheric storms and earthquakes can appear.

According to available information, the Norwegians installed a powerful radio station, the magnetoelectric radiation of which could generate non-linear phenomena in the ionosphere that interfere with the normal operation of the Duga arrays.

Another area of research was the transmission of signals by the object that affect the human psyche.

Nuances

The construction of the station near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was interpreted by its impressive energy intensity. Information from the "Chernobyl-2" was constantly abandoned to the command station, although the object never stayed on combat duty, the watchmen were engaged and worked round the clock. Including experts and researchers.

At the site in the early 1990s, an ignition occurred, which is why the base stopped operating as part of the missile warning system.

The first results of tests of the Chernobyl station in the direction of latitudinal-northern routes were unsuccessful. Because of the presence of polar caps, impressive perturbations of the ionosphere and other unfavorable conditions in the polar and circumpolar regions, the probability of detecting rocket launches turned out to be very small. In this regard, the "Lyubech-1" node was returned for alteration. It carried out the so-called lapidary "polar" program. The developers claimed that the results of the finishing works were positive.

By the way, the computational association had the code 1С31Г. The K-340A computer for signal processing was made on discrete elements. The transmitting equipment was assembled at the Machine-Building Plant in Dnepropetrovsk and consisted of 26 radio stations, the size of each of which was with a two-story house.

Film

We have already said above that the doc was taken off the Chernobyl "Arc". film. Sensational film "Russian Woodpecker" is dedicated to an alternative investigation of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which occurred in 1986, on April 26. Its director is the American Chad Gracia. The protagonist of the painting, the artist Fyodor Alexandrovich, analyzing the Soviet totalitarian system, proves that the accident was not accidental.

Useful information in the film a lot - so, one of the interviewees claims that to arrange an accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power could anyone from the staff in dozens of different ways.