The Belovezhsky Agreement of 1991. Belovezhsky agreements on the elimination of the USSR and the creation of the CIS

1991, the USSR. Looking back and trying to give a historical assessment of the events of 1991, we can safely say that our country was disintegrated according to the same scenarios used in Libya, Syria, Iraq, Egypt and now in Ukraine. Fortunately, many of the participants in the collapse of the USSR described their memories in memoirs. It is well known that the history is written by the winners. In this article we will try to get acquainted with other points of view on the events that led to the appearance of such a document as the 1991 Belovezhskaya Agreement.

Background of events

In 1985, a young, confident politician Mikhail Gorbachev came to power. After all the previous elderly general secretaries, the people reacted very positively to him. But later the reforms that he carried out drove the country into an economic, political and even cultural crisis. Increasingly noticeable became the stratification of the population in the country, the emergence of a new class of society - the oligarchy. In many republics, nationalistic sentiments grew stronger, everyone suddenly suddenly wanted independence.

Gorbachev: a hero or a traitor?

Is Gorbachev to blame for the fact that the Belovezhsky Agreement of 1991 appeared? The budget of the USSR was largely built on the sale of resources. The country became more and more bogged down in credits. Gradually, Gorbachev faced a choice: either he conducts reforms profitable for the US, and for this he receives loans from the IMF, or acts in the interests of his country. He chose the first option. Also very popular is the view that he came to power with the help of the United States. Initially, he had few chances, since most members of the Politburo were inclined to nominate Romanov and Grishin. Long could not agree, therefore there were several meetings. As a result, "suddenly" stopped at Gorbachev. Be that as it may, he led the country to the fatal line, after which there was no return.

Influence from the outside on the dissolution of the USSR

Sharply in many republics there were local referendums on independence. Does not it look like anything? Ukraine, for example? The sudden appearance of a handful of marginalized people with the requirement of independence with balaclavas is not alarming? Mikhail Gorbachev tried to sit on two chairs at the same time. On the one hand, the country needs loans, and they can be obtained by implementing the imposed reforms, and on the other hand, he wanted the best for the USSR. This is evidenced by the events of November 1990 and the decision of Gorbachev to hold an all-union referendum in order to put the bloated nationalists in their place.

In November 1990, the leaders of the three Baltic republics arrived in Paris to sign the Charter of a Unified Europe. And it was only thanks to Gorbachev's protest that they were expelled from the hall. Therefore, one can not say with 100% certainty that the blame for the dissolution of the USSR lies entirely with him and he betrayed the Motherland. Another question is on what basis these leaders were admitted to the OSCE meeting. All this says that the situation was heated artificially. To whom is it profitable?

Provocations in the Baltics

Taking advantage of the fact that in the winter the United States focused entirely on the military operation against Iraq, under the pressure of Kryuchkov, Pugo and Yazov, Gorbachev gave the go-ahead for the suppression of the separatist actions in the Baltic. And on January 13, 1991 Lithuanians captured the television center in Vilnius and erected barricades. The special force "Alpha" was ordered to storm. Killed 13 "peaceful" residents in the balaclava. On the air through all the world channels went a picture of how the military is killing peaceful unarmed citizens who simply want independence and live in Europe. A week later the situation repeated in Riga. And here in April in Moscow for "inspection" comes R. Nixon. Apparently, Gorbachev ceased to arrange Western hosts - the game is introduced by Boris N. Yeltsin. The real harassment began. The confrontation between Yeltsin and Gorbachev reached incredible sharpness.

Consent to the creation of the CIS

Under the pressure of the United States, Gorbachev had to agree to the federalization of the USSR and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. He began to prepare an appropriate treaty (later this treaty would be the Belovezhsky Agreement of 1991), which was the last straw for the power structures of the USSR. The August putsch broke out in the country . The Emergency Committee was created. It should be noted that on the TV all three days of the coup were broadcasted by the ballet.

The events of August 1991

August 19-21, 1991. History is written by the winners, therefore it is only natural that the textbooks entered information as an attempt of a coup d'état. Although in fact it was an attempt to prevent the collapse of the country. Kryuchkov, Pugo, Boldin, Shenin, Baklanov, Pavlov and Yazov attempted to seize power in their own power. Having removed the president, they wanted to forcefully subjugate the republics that craved independence. In this way they would preserve the integrity of the country. But very few people know that the signing of the treaty on the creation of the CIS, scheduled for August 20, suited the leaders of all 9 separatists of the minded republics and preserved the USSR in a holistic state.

The whole truth was that Gorbachev was able to agree with them. On the one hand, having agreed to the creation of the CIS, Mikhail Gorbachev went on about the US, and on the other hand, the republics got the right to independence, but as part of the federation. The main issues would continue to be solved for them by Moscow. For a number of reasons, this scenario did not suit many. Gorbachev and his family were put under house arrest in the Crimea (he at that moment was resting on the sea).

How did Yeltsin make the hero

On August 21, the storming of the White House in the Kremlin was preparing. The planned seizure of Yeltsin and its transfer to Zavidovo. But "suddenly" there was a huge number of people thirsting to cover it with their bodies. The White House was surrounded by a crowd of about 50,000 people. Think! Suddenly such a large number of people got up and went to the Kremlin. There they drank and fed for free, distributed pies with tea, cooked food on a production scale.

Naturally, there were victims. Bloody. Several people with Molotov cocktails (peaceful people) got under the tanks. To this day it is not entirely clear why tanks were introduced to Red Square. They are effective only in open areas. And the soldiers who organized the putsch could not have been unaware of this. Or it was just an attempt at intimidation. Of course, Western correspondents were on duty at the ready, and you can easily imagine the picture on the air. Defense Minister Yazov faltered and ordered the withdrawal of troops from Moscow. At this putsch ended, and its instigators found themselves in the pretrial detention center.

This case clearly shows that from the military it is extremely rare to get competent and far-sighted politicians. The most interesting thing is that after the release of the first calls, Gorbachev made Boris Yeltsin and George Bush. This also speaks volumes. After these events, he changed a lot. His political authority fell and with him few people were considered. He looked pale against the background of the untwisted image of a confident, energetic B. Yeltsin.

The Belovezhsky Agreement

Having lost confidence in Gorbachev, the Union republics began to massively adopt declarations of independence and withdrawal from the USSR. Now it was not possible to unite them into a federation. And the result of all this was the 1991 Belovezhskaya Agreement signed on December 8. In other words, an agreement was signed to create the Commonwealth of Independent States. The signature was put not by Gorbachev, but by Yeltsin.

And if initially Gorbachev advocated the federalization of the republics within the CIS, then Yeltsin signed them with his full independence. By this he satisfied the desire of the Western partners to bleed the country. The Belovezhskaya Agreement of 1991 declared that the Union of Free Socialist Republics had ceased to exist.