What is phonetic transcription, and how is it indicated on the letter

Studying Russian (or any other) language, students and students are faced with the concept of "phonetic transcription." Dictionaries and encyclopedias this term is deciphered as a way of recording oral speech with the goal of more accurate pronunciation. In other words, transcription transmits the sound side of the language, allowing it to be reflected on the letter with the help of certain signs.

Phonetic transcription plays an important role in the study of foreign languages. After all, this method of recording allows you to display and understand the pronunciation of letters and reading rules. Transcription recedes from traditional spelling rules (especially in Russian), if they do not coincide with pronunciation. On the letter it is denoted by the letters enclosed in square brackets. In addition, there are additional signs, indicating, for example, the softness of consonants, the longitude of vowels, and so on.

Each language has its own phonetic transcription, reflecting the sonic side of this particular speech. It must be said that in addition to the familiar letters, which do not cause difficulties, in Russian, additional ones can also be found. For example, here we use j, i (mine, pit, etc.). In addition, vowel sounds in some positions are referred to as "b" and "b" ("ep" and "yer"). The signs [and] and [u] are also of interest.

Russian phonetic transcription is the main way of conveying in writing the features of a word that we perceive by ear. It is necessary in order to better understand the discrepancies that exist between sounds and letters in the language, the lack of a one-to-one correspondence between them. The rules for transcribing vowels are based, first of all, on the position of the sound with respect to stress. In other words, here we use the scheme of qualitative reduction of unstressed ones.

It must be said that the international phonetic transcription, as well as the Russian one, does not have punctuation marks and large letters. The usual points on the letter and commas are indicated as pauses. Also, the ways of writing a word (through a hyphen, separately) are not taken into account. It is not the vocabulary that matters, but phonetics, namely the sound.

Phonetic transcription is also used in dialectology, in order to accurately record the features of pronunciation, and in orthoepia, where it demonstrates pronouncing options.

The rules of transcription in Russian say that almost all letters are used here, except for iotated E, E, Y, Y (in some textbooks, however, E is excluded from this list, and is used in recording sounds). These letters are indicated on the letter either by the softness of the preceding consonant, or j + the corresponding vowels (e, o, y, a).

Also, the phonetic transcription in Russian does not have the notation S, which is written as a long S. The superscripts and subscripts used in the work are called diacritical. With their help they denote the longitude of sound, softness, partial loss of sonority by consonants, non-syllogistic nature of sound, etc.

Knowledge of the rules of transcription is necessary for studying the features of pronunciation and writing in the language.