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What is Parliament

What is Parliament? At first glance, it's a very simple question. However, a lot of social polls show that many of our fellow citizens, with a more detailed explanation, start to get confused and do not quite clearly understand the peculiarities peculiar to this concept. So let's figure out what parliament is. When and why it arose, what is its essence. And whether there is an alternative to this concept in the modern world.

What is Parliament? History of occurrence

Such an organ existed in antiquity. So the Senate of the Roman Republic was the first such full-fledged governing body. However, the prototype of the parliament can be called the Greek Areopagus, various councils of elders or military councils. In the Middle Ages council council under the monarch was a kind of advisory body. General states in France, Boyar Duma or Zemsky Sobor in the Moscow State, Cortes in Spain, Landsras in some German lands. The powers of parliament in different epochs of European history (this is the brainchild of Europe) have changed significantly. In the period of strengthening monarchical power, the so-called absolutism, the councils of nobility of many countries have become just advisory bodies that do not have any significant influence on the policy of the country. And even completely abolished the king. The parliament received its second birth already in the New Time, when in Europe the teachings on civil rights and the people as the bearer of the highest state power were spreading. In the conditions of democratization of societies, they again needed, as in Greek policies, a representative authority. They became the parliament, which received the legislative power at its disposal . The concept of a regularly re-elected council of deputies as a representative body from all categories of the population has become so popular that in the 20th century it spread throughout the globe.

How to be without parliament today?

It is interesting that different historical experience for each of the modern states gave them their own structure of the governmental system. For some, quite extraordinary. Thus, the modern Vatican is the only country in the world with theocratic management of the spiritual leader as head of state. The Legislative Council is simply not needed here. Yes, and could not live like a too bulky body. In addition, it contradicts the meaning of the Vatican's existence as an independent residence of the Pontifical Administration. In today's Brunei there is also no parliament. The absolute head of the state is the local sultan, who concentrated all power in his hands. And the government is formed by him mainly from representatives of the family.

What is parliament and how does it happen today?

However, the absolute majority of modern states have a parliamentary system. Although there are differences here. Thus, a number of European countries have a bicameral legislative council. More often than not, it is rather a tribute to the distinguished aristocratic families who sit in the upper house. In England, for example, this is the so-called House of Lords. Elections to the parliament of this higher chamber are not envisaged at all. It consists of appointed for life and hereditary representatives. The powers of the House of Lords, however, are also small. And they are in the consideration of the bills of the lower chamber and the possible imposition of a veto or postponement. In the US there is also a bicameral parliament. However, here the chambers have nothing to do with tradition. The Senate and the House of Representatives are distinguished by their powers. And they are created as an additional lever in order to avoid usurpation of power. Most of today's deputy councils have only one chamber and are legislative bodies. Although in special cases they have different powers regarding the government or the president. So in Italy, the president is elected by the Chamber of Deputies, and in Spain, King Juan Carlos himself forms the government. Unlike the Spanish, the Ukrainian parliament has the authority to form the Cabinet of Ministers.

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