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What is a compressor station? Types of compressor stations. Operation of compressor stations

In the development of gas fields, a technical infrastructure is projected, through which the supply of resources to the place of consumption will be ensured. For this, trunk pipelines are laid , over which natural gas is transported. It is assisted in this movement by natural reservoir pressure, but at great distances and under the influence of various hydraulic resistances in the pipeline, maintaining the optimum speed of movement becomes impossible. Artificially provide transportation in the specified parameters allows the compressor station, through which the backbone networks not only supply the gas to consumers, but also perform the preparation of energy raw materials. There are different types of such stations, differing in size, operation principles and maintenance requirements.

Compressor station arrangement

The main equipment for the compressor station can include different sets of parts that ensure the efficient operation of the system under specific conditions. The primary device, from the point of view of installation of equipment, is the node of its connection to the gas pipeline. In addition, the compressor station is equipped with chambers for receiving and starting the purification system of the pipeline. To ensure technological cleaning, a whole set of devices is used, including a dust collector and separator filters. The gas transportation function is taken over by the gas pumping units, and the cooling system allows to maintain the optimum parameters of the carrier. Also for maintenance of the station, stop valves, strapping devices, auxiliary equipment and the main control panel are used.

Classification of compressor stations

Typically, the pumping units are divided into groups, depending on the type of resource being served. In most cases, the operation of the compressor station is oriented to use in gas pipelines, but there are also air models. Gas stations provide compression of the carrier to a certain pressure level, and then move it to special facilities for further processing. Air installations allow you to get compressed air, which can be used for less large-scale works. For example, to provide the function of pneumatic equipment, as well as reactions and processes requiring the use of oxygen. In turn, stations for gas pipelines are divided into three groups: booster, line and head.

Booster stations

Such stations are installed on underground gas storage facilities. The equipment performs two functions: the transportation of gas from the main gas pipeline directly to the object for storage and its further selection for pumping to end users. As a rule, a booster compressor station is selected from the central pipeline in winter, after which natural gas is distributed for subsequent supply of users. Stations of this type can be installed in the gas field. This application usually justifies itself if the reservoir pressure falls below the permissible value. The difference of the booster set from other varieties is the high compression force and the use of more efficient cleaning devices, including separators, filters, dehumidifiers and dust collectors. As a result, the booster compressor station improves gas preparation, which is taken from the backbone network or from underground storage.

Head stations

Head-end stations are used in the areas following the gas field. The main objective of such devices is to maintain the optimum pressure of the blue fuel for its subsequent transportation through the backbone network. The fact is that in the process of developing a natural gas field, the formation pressure in the pipes drops sharply. To increase it, the main compressor station of the gas pipeline is used, which, incidentally, also has a considerable compression ratio. The function of such units is ensured by the consistent operation of a whole complex of pumping units and aggregates. The head stations have special requirements for the preparation of gas: it is purified from by-products, the condensate is dried, and mechanical impurities are removed.

Linear stations

Compressor equipment of the linear type is installed on the main pipelines every 150 kilometers. The list of their tasks includes compression of the gas to be prepared for preparation with pressure at the inlet and outlet. Linear pump-compressor station provides the most high-quality cleaning of technological raw materials. This is due to the fact that the equipment includes high-tech cyclone dust collectors, replacing less efficient oil analogs.

In this configuration, the station simultaneously cleans the gas of various impurities, evaporates moisture and removes mud deposits. The effectiveness of purification preparation ranges from 85 to 98%. The filtration quality that the compressor station provides depends on the flow rate in the pipeline and the cyclone model. Linear stations can be equipped with cyclone dust collectors in an amount up to 6 units, which increases the efficiency of gas cleaning.

Operation of stations

When using the compressor station, the maximum load on the equipment is ensured. This is due to the fact that an incomplete plant increases the unjustified electricity costs. If several stations are used, an individual work schedule is developed for each of them. Depending on the type of equipment, the operation of compressor stations can also include automatic control. But in any case, the operator must monitor the parameters of the selection and supply of gas on the pipeline by starting or shutting down stations - one or more. Special attention is paid to the pressure indicators - this is one of the key parameters of the compressor's normal operation.

Maintenance

Maintenance activities are closely associated with the operation of compressor stations and, for the most part, are subject to safety requirements. In particular, the drivers must control the appearance of oil-scale deposits and remove them in a timely manner. As a preventive measure to prevent explosive layers, the use of quality oils is practiced. With proper maintenance, the layer is formed not earlier than after two thousand hours of operation. To ensure that the compressor station and its components do not fail prematurely, special measures are taken to improve the quality of the lubricant mixtures. As a result of such procedures, the thermal stability of oils improves and the propensity to deposit deposits decreases. Also, the list of mandatory maintenance measures includes regular cleaning of the station's air path.

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