A simple dosimeter with your own hands: a diagram. Radiation dosimeters with own hands

Dosimeters are called devices that are necessary for measuring the power of ionizing radiation. It should also be noted that some models are additionally capable of assessing the effectiveness of the dose. X-rays to dosimeters do not apply. The main element of the device is pleasant to consider the detector. On the sensitivity parameter it is quite different. In general, these devices can be divided into professional and household modifications.

For the military, special models are used that are designed for difficult conditions of use. In turn, industrial modifications are designed for continuous monitoring of radiation. It is quite easy to assemble radiation dosimeters with our own hands. However, this applies only to household appliances. To make a professional model, it is necessary to study the diagrams of these devices.

Household model for 3 minutes

It is quite easy to assemble a dosimeter with your own hands in 3 minutes. First of all you should take an eggplant with a capacity of at least 1.5 liters. After that, a single-pole type tester is required for the device. First the eggplant should be cut. With this goal it is better to use a knife. The next step is to install the tester in a container. Next, to assemble a simple dosimeter with your own hands, a conductor is connected to it.

Condenser for this purpose will need an open type. At the top of the hole for the knitting needle is made. It is best to select it copper, a diameter of not more than 1.2 mm. As a result, the parts of the eggplant must be bonded with an electrical tape. When the tester is turned on, the signal from the spoke is transmitted to the resistor. As a result, the power of ionizing radiation is displayed on the device.

Dosimeter from a tin can

To make a dosimeter with your own hands from a tin can, if you pre-prepare a through capacitor and a single-pole tester. In this case, the eggplant for the device is not required. At the bottom of the tin can, it is necessary to make a small hole for the knitting needle. After that, a capacitor is installed in the capacitor. The resistor in turn must be directly connected to the tester. After that, it remains only to fix the spoke in the hole of the can.

Device with two-wire detector

With a two-wire detector how to assemble a dosimeter yourself? In fact, if you select all the necessary components, then this task is quite feasible. First of all, the container is harvested. As a rule, it is selected plastic type. Its dimensions largely depend on the dimensions of the detector. It should also be noted that a pass-through capacitor is required to assemble the model. In turn, it is necessary to prepare three resistors.

Further, to make a dosimeter with your own hands, a damper is taken. For a model with a two-wire detector, it only selects a single-channel detector. Install it directly at the condenser. Rectifiers for dosimeters of this type are only resonant. In turn, expanders are rarely used by specialists. Directly for measuring the efficiency of the dose is a pass-through capacitor. Additionally, please note that the damper in the device must be installed behind the detector.

The use of three-wire detectors

How to make a dosimeter yourself with a three-pass type? It should be noted at once that this task is not easy. Three-pass devices are referred to professional modifications and are designed to measure not only the effectiveness of the dose, but also the radiation power. Install the detector only after all the capacitors in the housing have been fixed. In this case, the resistors are used only as a closed type.

In turn, the dampers are suitable for single-channel. The expander in this case will need a low-frequency. Only resonance rectifiers are used to measure the radiation power. To install them you need to use a soldering iron. Zener diodes are rarely used in such devices. This is due to the fact that the error in their measurements is high. It should also be taken into account that the radiation power parameter directly depends on the type of output resistor. Most often it is electrolytic.

Using vector resistors

To assemble with the vector resistors the dosimeter with your own hands (the diagram is shown below) can only be paired with network detectors. To date, they are difficult to purchase in the store. It should also be taken into account that this product nowadays costs a lot, in comparison with other types of detectors. Install the resistors only after the pass-through capacitor has been secured. In some models, they are soldered by two units. In this case, the negative resistance of the circuit can sometimes reach 30 ohms. At the same time, the accuracy of the measurements suffers significantly. Also, the capacitance capacitance may affect the accuracy of the device operation. Most often they are selected at 20 pF. All this is enough to provide the model with excellent sensitivity.

Next, to make a dosimeter with your own hands, a rectifier is installed. It is in this case suitable resonant type. However, positional models are also considered by many specialists. At this stage, it is very important to calculate the electromagnetic interference parameter. To reduce the impact of the environment, many experts recommend installing electrostatic units in the devices. You can buy them in the store quite simply. It is also possible to use a small power trigger. However, in this situation, the negative resistance in the dosimeter can dramatically increase. That frequency shifts did not occur often, it is more expedient to use integrated triggers.

Application of integral resistors

To make with the integral resistors a simple dosimeter with your own hands (the diagram is shown below) can be very quickly. First of all, you will need to select the case. In this case, you can use a plastic box. Next, to make a dosimeter yourself, you need to install a damper. Most often it is selected multi-channel type. In turn, single-channel models of high accuracy do not give indications.

Also it should be noted that many experts recommend using counters. As a rule, they are chosen binary type. Install them directly on the detector. In this case, the capacitors are soldered after the resistors. In total, they will require three units for the dosimeter. The first one is installed immediately on the detector. Its sensitivity depends in many ways on the type of expander. The remaining two capacitors are mounted on the outside of the rectifier. To do this, you will need to use a blowtorch.

A simple model on a PP20 transistor

Collecting this type of radiation dosimeters with their own hands is not easy, but it should be understood that in this case the detector is suitable only for impulse type. Install the transistor on the rectifier. Expanders for these purposes are selected mainly in the analog type. All this is necessary in order to more accurately measure the radiation power. Among other things, it is important for a dosimeter to pick up a quality counter. Most often it is used with a segment indicator. The most common modifications are sold in stores labeled K17. LEDs for devices of this type are rarely used. In turn, testers can be installed only low-frequency type. At the same time, the sensitivity is rather low.

The use of the transistor PP30

Transistors of this type are installed, as a rule, on professional models. The conductivity is quite good, but they are capable of working with only two-wire type detectors. To assemble the dosimeter yourself, first of all you need to make a case for the device. After this, it is standard to select a quality pass-through capacitor for the dosimeter.

The capacity of its minimum should be at the level of 40 pF. All this is necessary in order that the negative resistance in the circuit is maintained at a level of 20 ohms. Frequency shifts in this case can be controlled with a rectifier. To measure the radiation power, an ordinary damper is used. Install the transistor P30 only after fixing the expander. Emitter zener used often, but to determine the effectiveness of the dose they are bad.

Model with membrane capacitor

Membrane type devices are quite common today. In comparison with field capacitors, they differ in reduced sensitivity. In this case, the negative resistance in the circuit is usually not more than 3 ohms. All this suggests that the accuracy of determining the radiation power of such devices is quite high. It should also be taken into account that detectors in this case are suitable only for two-wire type. In general, the models are compact, but the characteristics are quite different. Expanders for such capacitors are suitable for electrostatic type. In turn, rectifiers are used both analog and resonant.

However, to improve the accuracy of the indications, many experts advise to dwell on the second option. Triggers for these dosimeters are suitable for medium power. It should also be noted that zener diodes are used in devices quite rarely. In this case, the dampers to increase the sensitivity should be installed with two resistors.

Using wideband capacitors

Broadband modifications to date are quite rare. Sensitivity is not the best. It should also be taken into account that they are not able to determine the radiation power. Detectors are most often selected by a three-pass type for devices. Thus, they are quite large in size. Dampers are installed on dosimeters the most diverse. To improve the accuracy of the readings, multi-channel modifications are often used. The frequency of electromagnetic interference in this case depends on the class of the rectifier. Many specialists purchase them with low bandwidth.

Most often they can be met with the marking MP30. Additionally, modifications of the MP40 class are known. The input response is rather high, but they are able to withstand a low resistance. Install the capacitors on the instrument only after fixing the detector directly. It should also be noted that the resistors for the circuit will require three. The first one should be soldered at the beginning of the circuit. In this case, the other two resistors are needed at the expander.

Low-sensitivity dosimeter

Dosimeters of low sensitivity are most often used by the military. In order to assemble a model of this type, it is necessary first and foremost to choose a qualitative sensor. In this case, counters are most often used with segment indicators. In turn, the capacitors for such modifications are more suitable for a through-flow type. Resistors many experts recommend to purchase analog.

All this is necessary in order to increase the sensitivity of the device to the desired level. Triggers in models are most often used for low power. Maximum negative resistance they must withstand at 4 ohms. In this case, the sensor itself should be rated at 5 ohms. The speed of the output signal depends solely on the power of the capacitor. Dampers in devices of this type are absent.