Varieties of walnuts: photo, description. Walnut: a sort of "ideal"

The taste and useful properties of these wonderful fruits, probably, are known to all our readers. And do you know what sorts of walnuts differ in winter hardiness, high yield, resistance to pests and diseases and excellent fruit quality? We will tell you about this in this article.

Walnut: description

Many saw this powerful deciduous tree. It has a developed root system. The fruits of this tree are dry drupes that have fleshy inedible pluss. They dry up and crack when ripe. In size, fruits can be small, large or medium. Their shape depends on the type of tree - round, oval, oval-oblong, oblong-compressed from the sides, ovoid, etc.

The shell is almost smooth, shallow and coarse-grained, sometimes bumpy with numerous cells surface. All varieties of walnuts are both moisture- and heat-loving crops, capable of developing and yielding only in warm, southern regions, prefer wetlands. The walnut grows quite well and develops there, where the average annual air temperature is not less than +10 ° С, and in the warmest month the air warms up to +25 ° С. That's why in the middle band most walnut fruits do not have time to ripen.

To date, there are many varieties and varieties of this tree, characterized by resistance to small frost and disease and pleasant taste. Many of them give a wonderful harvest.

How to plant a tree?

The description of walnut varieties can be found today in all editions on gardening, so every summer resident can try to grow this tree on his plot. It is suitable for any soil. It is important to dig a pit, the depth of which will be at least a meter, and the diameter - about fifty centimeters. Before you transfer the seedlings to a pit, put them for two days in the water. If you do everything right, after three or four years the tree will please you with the first harvest.

Popular varieties

Gardeners of our country celebrate several varieties that are in high demand and are considered the best. They are selected according to several criteria. Of particular value are nuts with a thin shell, a large round shape.

Today on the territory of our country 21 varieties of walnut are cultivated. However, some of them are grown more often than others. First of all, such varieties as "ideal" and "giant" are among them. More details about them will be described below. In the regions of Russia, where winter is not too harsh, they plant quick-bred forms that were obtained by breeders from the Tashkent region.

Walnut: a sort of "ideal"

In the fifties of the last century, a breeder from Fergana S. S. Kalmykov brought forth a new breed of fastfruit nut. He begins to bear fruit in the fifth year. Walnut ("ideal") has an inflorescence that forms a brush, on which several nuts appear at once. The main feature of this variety is the possibility of a second flowering with a lot of ovary ovaries.

By the time of the receipt of this variety, a series of articles appeared in the journals on the fast-bodied nuts, derived in Fergana. Many varieties of SS Kalmykov began to bear fruit already at the age of two. They were short (no more than 2 m), while in the brush tied 10-18 fruits. These articles caused a furor among gardeners. A well-known breeder began to receive letters from all over the Soviet Union.

Quite a large walnut variety "ideal" won recognition among Russian gardeners high frost resistance. It can withstand freezing up to -35 degrees. Seeds are planted in autumn in the soil to a depth of 10 centimeters. At the end of June (next year), the first shoots appear, and by autumn the seedling grows to fifty centimeters. It is important that there is no need to shelter young trees for the winter.

"Ideal" needs plenty of sunlight, it does not tolerate shading. Well the tree develops and grows on loamy carbonate soils, moderately moistened. The tree has a powerful, wide root system, so the walnut should be planted away from various buildings. Flowering begins in May, fruits can be harvested at the end of September. The flowers are collected in the inflorescence, from which the bunches of nuts are formed.

Three years later, the nut begins to bear fruit. Growing up, the tree increases the yield. It grows to an average of five meters. It has a good harvest (120 kg). These figures refer to an adult plant (12 years). The mass of nuclei is on the average 10-12 grams.

"Dessert"

Varieties of walnuts, which are in demand in our country today, are worthy of the early "dessert". This is a medium-sized tree (3 meters in height), with a spreading crown.

The variety is resistant to droughts, the tree brings sweetish-looking fruits in a powerful shell. This variety is intended for cultivation in the south of our country, as in the severe frosts the flower buds and wood of the tree are affected. In the fourth year after planting, the tree begins to bear fruit. This variety is stable and abundant and yields. Fruits ripen in the middle of September. From one tree, on average, up to 25 kg of nuts are removed. The mass of nuclei is up to 15 grams. This variety can be attributed to large-fruited.

Black walnut

This wind-pollinated monoecious plant. The height of the tree reaches fifty meters. The length of the pinnate leaves reaches forty centimeters with a width of twenty centimeters. They have a pronounced balsamic odor. Fruits such a tree for the tenth year.

The fruits of black walnut are covered with thick, durable peel. They are larger than traditional ones, and their core is much darker, has numerous furrows. The skin of the black nut is rich in vitamins (especially vitamin C).

The kernel of the black nut contains proteins, carbohydrates and oils. Leaves of this tree and pericarp are used in the manufacture of certain medicinal products (in particular for dietary supplements).

Black nut is a photophilous plant. To heat is not particularly demanding. This is a winter hardy variety, however, in the first years after planting, the plant is sensitive to frost. Therefore, at this time it is recommended to cover it. Black walnut tolerates excessive moisture, flooding the soil for 1.5 months.

The soil for this variety is preferably neutral or slightly alkaline. It must be mulched and friable. The tree needs protection from the wind.

"Elegant"

The sorts of walnuts, photos of which you can see in this article, keep up at different times. "Graceful" refers to the medium-early, as it fructifies in late September. The tree reaches a height of five meters, has a powerful structure and a thick, well-leafy crown.

The characteristic features of this species are drought resistance and natural immunity to many diseases and pests. The plant tolerates moderate frosts: wood and flower buds are affected only with strong frosts.

The first harvest appears in the fifth year. One tree gives more than twenty kilograms of fruit, with good taste qualities. The core weight is 11 grams.

"Harvest"

This is a rather tall tree (up to 6 meters in height), has a wide-oval crown. Fruiting usually begins in the fourth year. The variety belongs to the medium-ripened, as the nuts mature at the end of September.

The variety is winter-hardy and weakly susceptible to brown patchiness and other diseases. It is characterized by a good regular yield. From one tree collect about thirty kilograms of fruits. A kernel with an excellent taste, weighing 9-11 grams.

"Abundant"

Some varieties of walnut begin to bear fruit already in the fourth year. An example of this is "abundant". The tree has a maximum height of five meters. This grade does not tolerate negative temperatures, so it should not be planted in the northern regions of the country. It should be noted that it is resistant to a very common disease - brown spot.

Nuts are formed by bunches - 3 fruits each. Sometimes a bunch consists of eight or more nuts. The tree has a high yield - up to 30 kilograms of nuts with a core mass of 12 grams. This variety is very popular with gardeners because of its excellent taste qualities.

"Giant"

Walnut varieties "giant" is a bit like the "ideal", but the fruiting of this tree comes in the sixth year. The tree is surprisingly fast growing and reaches a height of five meters. It has a lush crown, round large fruit (10 grams). The crop yields regularly, mainly on the apical branches. From a tree collect about hundred kgs of fruits having a thin shell. The plant is resistant to many diseases that are characteristic for walnuts (for example, to brown spots).

Walnut: large-fruited varieties

Such varieties are much smaller, probably, therefore, they are of particular interest to breeders. We have already told you about the varieties "ideal" and "dessert", which can be fully attributed to large-fruited.

Giant variety

According to experts, one of the largest varieties is the "bomb" (Moldavia) variety. Its fruits weigh thirty grams. Thanks to a thick peel, this fruit looks much more than the true weight - in a standard 250-gram glass, two nuts can hardly fit.

Now scientists are working on his selection. There are also other interesting varieties - "Rudakovsky", "Carpathian", "Bukovina 2". There was even a sort called "Bukovina bomb". There is clearly a hint of the size of the Moldovan nut.

Fruits of new varieties, bred in Ukraine, are smaller - their weight does not exceed twenty grams. It should be noted and good frost-resistant varieties "Stanislavsky", "Tula thin-skinned". They give nuts weighing more than fifteen grams.

"Calarasi"

Varieties of walnuts are becoming popular not only because of the size of the fruit. No less important are the taste qualities of the product.
It is a strong tree with a thick round crown. Blooms quite early. Has a pro-root type of flowering. This means that the staminate flowers bloom about seven days before the pistillate flowers. For this tree, the best pollinator is the "Skinos" variety.

Nuts are very large. The average weight of fruits reaches nineteen grams. The shape is round, slightly ribbed, with a rounded apex and a flat base. The shell is not very thin, dense. The core is large, when the nut is broken, it is completely separated. The core film is yellow. The kernel is oily, with a pleasant taste.

"Memory of the Minogue"

Not all large-bodied varieties of walnuts are widely distributed in our country. For example, this is a fine grade of medium ripening. It is referred to as a large-fruited variety of walnut.

The tree grows quickly, it is powerful, with a crown of medium density. Blooming is homogamous. Fruits generally ripen on the apical branches. Fruiting is regular, comes on the sixth year after planting. Walnut large-bred variety "Memory of Minova" is very large, slightly flattened, slightly ribbed. The average core mass is 15.2 grams, the maximum is 18.5 grams. The nut has a thin shell, its thickness is 1.0 mm. This variety belongs to table types.

We presented you the best varieties of walnuts. Of course, this is not a complete list. Everyone who is interested in these plants and their fruits, we recommend to look through editions on gardening, where descriptions of novelties of Russian and foreign breeders are regularly published.