Types of theaters. Types and genres of theatrical art

The first theatrical performances were staged once on the street. Basically, the performances were arranged by strolling artists. They could sing, dance, put on various costumes, depicting beasts. Everyone did what he did best. A new kind of art gradually developed, the actors improved their skills.

The first theater in the world

The word "theater" in Greek means a place for spectacles and the spectacle itself. The first such cultural institution, presumably, originated in Greece. It happened in the V-IV centuries BC. E. This era was called "classical". Classical art is characterized by harmony and balance in all elements and components. Ancient Greek theater appeared due to the worship of various gods.

The theater of Dionysus is the oldest theater structure. God of winemaking, vegetation and nature was highly esteemed by the ancient Greeks. Dionysus was dedicated to cult rites, which gradually developed into real tragedies and comedies. Ritual festivals have turned into real theatrical performances. The structure was an open-air space. The audience was initially located on wooden places. Theatrical art was so revered in ancient Greece that the poor citizens were given money for performances. It was forbidden to watch performances for married women.

The first temple of arts had three main parts:

• Orchestra - it was performed by dancers and chorus;
• The auditorium was located around the orchestra;
• The building of the skena, where the rooms for artists were located.

The curtain and the usual scene was not, and all female roles were played by men. Actors for one performance several times changed the role, so they should have been excellent to dance and sing. The appearance of actors was changed with the help of masks. Near the structure was the temple of Dionysus.

The ancient theater laid the foundation and essence of the modern. The most close in genre is the theater of drama. Over time, more and more different genres have appeared.

Theatrical genres

Theatrical genres in the modern world are so diverse. This art synthesizes in itself literature, music, choreography, vocal, fine arts. They express different emotions and situations. Mankind is constantly evolving. In this regard, there are various genres. They depend on the country in which they are born, on the cultural development of the population, on the mood of the audience and their requests.

We list some types of genres: drama, comedy, monodrama, vaudeville, extravaganza, parody, mime, farce, morality, pastoral, musical, tragicomedy, melodrama and others.

Genres of theatrical art can not compete with each other. They are interesting in their own way. Spectators who love the theater of the opera, with no less pleasure visit the theater of comedy.

The most popular types of theatrical genres are drama, comedy, tragicomedy, musical, parody and vaudeville.

In the drama, you can see both tragic and comic moments. It is always very interesting to watch the work of actors. The roles of this genre are complex and easily involve the viewer in empathy and analysis.

Comedy sets have the main goal - to cause laughter in the viewer. To ridicule those or other situations, actors should also try hard. After all, the viewer must believe them! Comedy roles play as hard as dramatic ones. The element of satire at the same time facilitates viewing the performance.

The tragedy is always connected with the conflict situation, which the production talks about. This genre was one of the first to appear in ancient Greece. The same as comedy.

The musical has many admirers. This is always a bright action with dances, songs, an interesting storyline and a share of humor. The second name of this genre is musical comedy. He appeared in the US in the late 19th century.

Varieties

The types of theaters are directly related to the genres that are represented in them. Although they express not so much a genre as a form of acting. We list some of them:

• operatic;
• dramatic;
• Puppet Theatre;
• Theater of the absurd ;
• Children's;
• Author's;
• The theater of one actor ;
• Theater of light;
• Musical comedy;
• The theater of satire;
• Theater of poetry;
• Theater of dance;
• pop;
• Theater of robots;
• ballet;
• Theater of animals;
• Theater of the disabled;
• serf;
• shadow play;
• The theater of pantomime;
• Theater songs;
• street.

Opera and Ballet Theatre

Opera and ballet appeared in Italy during the Renaissance. The first opera house appeared in Venice in 1637. The ballet was formed as a separate theatrical genre in France, transforming from dances to courts. Very often these kinds of theaters are united in one place.

Opera and ballet are accompanied by a symphony orchestra. Music becomes an integral part of these productions. It conveys the mood, the atmosphere of everything that is happening on the stage and emphasizes the performances of the actors. Opera singers work with voice and emotions, and ballet dancers convey everything through movement. Theaters of opera and ballet are always the most beautiful theaters. They are located in the richest urban buildings with a unique architecture. Luxurious furnishings, beautiful curtains, large orchestral pits - so it looks from the inside.

Theatre of Drama

Here the main place is given to the actors and the director. They create character characters, reincarnating in the necessary images. The director gives his vision and leads the team. The theater of drama is called the theater of "experiences". Stanislavsky wrote his works, studying the work of dramatic actors. In the dramatic theaters are put not only performances - plays with complex plots. The theater of drama includes in its repertoire comedies, musicals and other musical performances. All productions are based only on dramatic literature.

Theater for every taste

Musical theater - a place where you can see any of the theatrical activities. It puts operas, comedies, operettas, musicals and all those performances in which there is a lot of music. The choir and ballet artists, musicians and actors work here. The Musical Theater combines the theater of opera, ballet, the operetta theater. Any kind of theatrical art, associated with variety or classical music, can find its fans in this theater.

Puppet show

This is a special place. Here you dive into the world of childhood and joy. The decoration here is always colorful, attracting the attention of the smallest spectators. The puppet theater often becomes the first theater to which children enter. And on what impression he will make on an unsophisticated viewer, the future attitude of the baby to the theater depends. The variety of theatrical activities is based on the use of dolls of various types.

Recently, the puppeteers do not hide behind the screen, but interact with the puppets on the stage. This idea belongs to the well-known SV Obraztsov. He wore a glove doll named Tyapa and played magnificently on the miniature stage, acting as his father.

The origins of this kind of theater are far away in ancient Greece. When creating dolls for rituals, people did not know that it would grow into a real art. The puppet theater is not only an introduction to art, but also a method of psychological correction for the youngest.

Comedy Theater

Has united in itself actors who are able to sing and dance. They should easily get accustomed to comedic images and not be afraid to be ridiculous. Very often you can see "Theaters of Drama and Comedy", "Theaters of Musical Comedy". The combination of several genres in one theater does not interfere with preserving its color. The repertoire can include operettas, satirical comedies, musicals, dramas, musical productions for children. People go to comedy theater with pleasure. The hall is always full.

The Variety Theater

I have filled up the types of theaters relatively recently. And immediately fell in love with the viewer. The first stage theater appeared in the middle of the last century. They became a theater in Leningrad, which was opened in 1939. In 2002 he was named "The Variety Theater. AI Raikin. " Variety artists include modern singers, leading dancers. Variety artists are show business stars, dancers and showmen, as they are now called.

In stage theaters often hold solo concerts, concerts dedicated to some memorable dates, play plays of contemporary authors. Here, comedians perform humor, stage comics, performances on classical works. Such performances can be offered by the musical theater.

Theater of satire

We love the audience! Since his appearance, he portrayed the lives of citizens, showed all the shortcomings and ridiculed them. The actors were always known in person, they performed comic roles well not only on the stage, but also in the cinema. The theaters of satire were always in the forefront of those who were forbidden to stage certain performances. This was due to censorship. Mocking the negative side of human behavior, it was often possible to cross the line of permissiveness. Prohibitions only attracted more viewers. Magnificent actors of the theater of satire, which are well known: AA Mironov, Olga Aroseva, Spartak Mishulin, Mikhail Derzhavin, Nina Kornienko, Alexander Shirvindt. Thanks to these people the theaters of satire became loved by the audience.

Over time, there are types of theaters, which are either long forgotten, or completely different from anything that exists.

New trends

New types of temples of arts surprise the most experienced spectator. Not so long ago the first Robot Theater appeared in Poland. It is played by robot actors, who convey their emotions with their eyes and gestures. The performances are designed so far for the children's audience, but the project managers intend to constantly expand the repertoire.

In the summer, theater plays take to the streets. This has already become a tradition. This year many festivals were held in the open air. Directly near the theaters were built small scenes, which fully played out the performance. Even the opera and ballet dancers are already outside the theater to attract as many viewers as possible.