EducationSecondary education and schools

Types of activities of students in the classroom. Organization, characteristics and results

Many scientists noted the fact that with the increasing interest of students in the classroom, the effectiveness of the classes conducted with them will certainly increase.

And this, in turn, requires the teacher to create the necessary conditions to activate the cognitive activity of children.

Ways to increase interest in learning

In order to activate the cognitive activity of schoolchildren, in their lessons the teacher must:

- apply a variety of methods and forms of organization of the educational process;
- create the necessary atmosphere of interest, so that each student as actively as possible participated in the work of the whole class;
- encourage children to speak and use a variety of ways to accomplish the tasks assigned to them without any fear of making a mistake or receiving the wrong answer;
- evaluate the student's work not only on the results obtained, but also on the process of mastering the new material;
- to use for the development of children the theme of didactic material, which would allow the student to choose for himself the most acceptable form and type of educational activity;
- create in the lesson certain pedagogical communication situations that would allow students to show independence and initiative.

But in order for the lesson to be as effective as possible, the teacher should not only skillfully apply the existing forms and methods of its management, but also constantly involve children in various types of educational activities.

Development of interest in knowledge

In carrying out any pedagogical process , various means and methods are used that make it possible to intensify the work of schoolchildren. At the present stage, this is especially important, because society needs educated citizens who are able to think independently and make decisions in any situation.

How can we organize the educational activity of schoolchildren so that they constantly show interest in learning the necessary material? For this, the teacher must:

- involve children in the process of independent "discoveries" and the search for new knowledge;
- diversify educational work, because monotonous ways cause boredom;
- Explain the importance and need for your subject;
- link a new topic with the knowledge already acquired;
- strive to make education difficult, but at the same time feasible;
- apply a differentiated approach, based on the personal qualities of the student and his level of preparation;
- more often to check and evaluate the work of the student;
- to influence the students by the brightness of the presentation of the educational material, their own emotional reaction and interest.

Gaming activities

Different types of activities of students in the classroom can lead to interest in the material being studied. One of the forms of active learning is games. This is a kind of activity when, in conditions of artificially created situations, the social experience of children is recreated. Especially often games are used by the teacher at the initial stages of learning the subject. They are considered the most effective method of training.

Gaming activities of students in the classroom create an atmosphere of natural communication. In this case, the children are removed unnecessary tension and the interest in the learning process increases. It is the game that allows you to find hidden opportunities, which certainly lead the student to the successful development of the material. They will allow them to form the necessary skills and abilities.

Such types of educational activities as didactic games, individualize the work in the classroom. At the same time, they are feasible for each student and maximally develop his abilities. During the game, children learn to generalize and compare, classify and communicate, and, most importantly, draw independent conclusions. At first, only the teacher's proposed situation interests the children, and then the material associated with it. The child has a need for understanding, learning and memorizing a new topic.

Such types of educational activity of students in the lesson, as didactic games, is a valuable tool that brings up the mental activity of children and activates their psychological processes. All this contributes to the manifestation of the students' increased interest in the process of cognition. Schoolchildren with the desire to develop their skills and abilities, train forces and overcome serious difficulties. Thanks to the games, any material given by the teacher carries away, creates a joyful mood and causes a feeling of deep satisfaction. All this greatly facilitates the process of assimilation. Apply all the existing activities in the pedagogy of students in the lesson of biology and chemistry, Russian and foreign languages, literature and mathematics, physics, etc.

Frontal form of training

There are such types of activities of students in the classroom, when the whole class simultaneously performs the general work assigned to all children. At the same time, students compare, discuss and summarize its results. This type of activity of schoolchildren is called frontal. Its main advantage is that the teacher with the whole class works simultaneously. This leads to the establishment of a trusting relationship between the teacher and children, as well as within the class. Children develop a sense of collectivism. They learn to reason, and also to find mistakes in the statements of their comrades. In this case, there is a formation of stable cognitive interests and activity of schoolchildren is intensified.

However, the front-end activities of students in the lessons have their drawbacks. In connection with various working capacity and preparedness, children can not stand a single tempo. Anyone who has a low level of educational opportunities, learns the material worse and requires more attention of the teacher. Stronger schoolchildren are interested in more complex tasks, only in this case, working in the lesson will lead them to improve their knowledge. In this regard, for the greater effectiveness of the educational process, it is necessary to use other types of student learning activities in the lesson.

Group work

This form of organization of the educational process is included in the main activities of students. At the same time, the teacher divides the class into groups designed to solve specific learning tasks. The answers to the questions are given with the participation of each of the students. With the right organization, all members of the group are active. At the same time, weak students do not hide in the shadow of stronger ones, and those, in turn, do not suppress the independence and initiative of less capable students.

Group work, no doubt, can be attributed to the collective activity of students. Its success will largely depend on a clear division of responsibilities within this level, as well as from operational assistance and teacher support.
Rules for conducting group activities require a constant change in the composition of students, half of which must consist of those who are capable of independent work. At the same time, the individual help of schoolchildren to each other greatly increases. The results of such activities are very tangible. Students are accustomed to collective work with the simultaneous formation of positive moral qualities.

This activity of schoolchildren in class is almost ideal. However, it can not be contrasted with other methods of organizing the educational process. Characteristics of the main activities of students can conclude that they all solve their specific tasks and perfectly complement each other.

Individual work

The most accessible and proven long-term practice of increasing the efficiency of the cognitive process of schoolchildren is the organization of their independent work. In today's lesson, this activity takes an exceptional place. The fact is that it is thanks to individual work that the student is able to master a large amount of knowledge.

The independent type of activity of schoolchildren includes the fulfillment by the children of the didactic goal set by the teacher, to come to which is necessary for a certain time. This encourages the student to search for new knowledge, as well as their further consolidation and comprehension. At the same time, the child develops and develops the necessary skills and skills, and the training material is generalized and systematized.

Independent work is an effective means of increasing the cognitive level of the student. After all, on the one hand, it is a learning task, that is, the object of the student's activity. On the other hand, individual activity is a form of manifestation of thinking, memory and creative imagination, which expands and deepens the amount of knowledge already gained. However, it should be borne in mind that in this case it is important to exercise control by the teacher and his timely assistance in the event of difficulties.

GEF

The most important task of the modern educational process in schools is the formation in children of the ability and desire to master any new kinds of activity and knowledge, as well as in building the right direction for their own self-education. And here in the work of teachers the Federal State Educational Standard helps a lot . It is a set of defined rules and requirements that are used by primary, secondary and higher education institutions.

The main activities of students in the GEF lesson are the participation of children in various learning situations that are put before them by the teacher. The teacher is primarily called upon to observe. His task is to guide and help, but in a minimal amount. Even the conclusions students must do themselves.

In the lessons taught by GEF standards, the teacher uses all the activities of schoolchildren in the aggregate. And this is done using the most modern means of mastering new material (computer and Internet, audio and video equipment, etc.). And, of course, it does not do without books and cards, visual aids and illustrations.

Organization of the educational process in literature lessons

This learning process has its own characteristics. Here students work with texts of various literary genres. In this regard, the entire work of the teacher is built on the following algorithm:

1. Conduct a preliminary conversation, including the actualization of the existing reader's experience.
2. Primary acquaintance with the text, in which its general perception takes place.
3. Detailed study of the text with the content analysis.
4. Generalization of the reading.

During each of these stages, various activities of students are used. In literature lessons, it is important to take a responsible approach to the choice of one form or another of the work of schoolchildren, which will depend on the particular work and the level of the preparedness of the class.

So, at the first, pre-text stage, the teacher can include a video recording of the work or invite students to view the video on the topic under consideration. Activities of students may also include:

- listening to a story prepared by the teacher or students;
- Reading difficult to understand words;
- performing exercises on articulation, etc.

At primary acquaintance with the text to schoolboys it is possible to offer such kind of activity, as:

- reading the work out loud;
- independent reading;
- reading the work through the chain.

Detailed analysis of the work can be carried out:

- at selective reading of fragments by pupils;
- when reading with conversation and comments;
- like reading with a note of incomprehensible words, etc.

In the process of synthesizing text in literature lessons, students are invited to:

- staging;
- reading of competitive poems;
- conducting a report from the place where the events of the considered work unfold, etc.

Conducting lessons in English

The GEF provides rules and requirements for students studying foreign languages. Independent work is also important here. In addition, there are other activities of students in the lesson of English. When explaining new rules on grammar or when working with a dictionary and text, the teacher should plan the lesson clearly. It is important to have an extremely clearly formulated theme and goals, as well as tasks pursued in the development of new material. The teacher organizes search and problem situations and activates the activities of schoolchildren. At the same time, all kinds of activities of children (group and frontal, individual and game) are used.

Modern teaching involves viewing pupils films and cartoons in English, which can be both with subtitles, and without them. Mastering the material will also help listen to various audio materials (poems, songs, dialogs and texts).

Conducting Russian language lessons

New state standards of education call for strengthening the motivation of the younger generation to study native speech. At the same time, the main task of the teacher is to demonstrate that the knowledge obtained at school is a necessary preparation for life and the search for useful information, which in the future will need to be applied in this or that situation.

GEF recommends the use of various activities of students in the Russian language lesson. First of all, the students are offered independent work. Further actions of the teacher are envisaged in different versions. This will make it possible to direct the educational process in the right direction on time. At the same time, students perform:

- a variety of types of dictation (selective, vocabulary, etc.);
- work with text (this kind of activity is very entertaining for students);
- testing, allowing to determine the current and final level of knowledge;
- work with tables and reference schemes, which are used as visual material.

Conducting math lessons

Today in the general education schools of our country, when studying the exact sciences, a frontal, group and individual form of conducting the educational process can be used. This is the main activities of students in the lesson of mathematics. Most attention is paid to the front work. However, it largely averages tasks and is designed for a certain pace of work. Optimal employment of students is possible with an independent activity. This is the performance of independent work, which to the maximum extent correspond to the abilities and individual development of each. For those who do not believe in their own strength, the teacher must offer instructor cards (especially relevant in solving problems in geometry).

Individual tasks in mathematics are important for mobilizing the abilities available to the student. Develops cognitive activity in the field of exact sciences and conducts school conferences, prepares seminars and reports.
Along with the frontal and individual activities of students, a group (collective) form of work is used in lessons. This makes it possible to increase the interest of schoolchildren in studying mathematics and in the future to make independent decisions when answering many vital questions.

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