Chemical pencil and other pencils: their applications

Since the pencil for writing and drawing was invented, his views have been constantly modified and new invented. What pencils are not present now: usual color, what schoolboys draw at lessons; Wax and lead, used in professional painting; "Simple" - for drawings and geometric constructions (their lead consists of graphite and, depending on the hardness, writes in the range of colors from light gray to black); Chemical - are used in design offices for extensive drawing jobs; Cosmetic pencils ... And all of them are applied to varying degrees by us in various spheres of life.

"Nahimichili"

Chemical pencil - his invention became a real find in the drawing, copying, stenographic business. They could write, paint, paint a paper surface, make indelible notes and much more. Under the wooden "clothes" at such a stationery is a special graphite pencil. In dry form, he leaves on paper light, barely visible traces and marks. But the tip of the lead should be moistened with water or even with a tongue - the color changes, it begins to write fat, brightly, and it is impossible to remove it from the paper. This is because the chemical pencil includes dyes that dissolve under the influence of moisture. The same result will be obtained if a dry slate is drawn over the wetted surface of the same paper sheet. The dyes added to the rod are rhodamine (it makes recordings from bright pink to deep juicy tone of the same shade), eosin (also intensely pink in color, turning into red), auramine (saturated yellow). These mineral additives make the chemical pencil not only resistant, but also, combining different basic and additional colors, increase the variety of its color range.

By the end of the twentieth century, the popularity of chemical pencils began to decline - they were actively replaced first ball, and then gel pens. However, even now they are still encountered in various spheres of production. They put inscriptions or contours of drawings on glass, plaster, ceramic, iron and other surfaces. The hardness of these marking polymer pencils is chosen depending on the type of surface to be worked on. And the honor of the invention of the first chemical pencil belongs to Edson Clark, who patented his invention in the far 1866th year. In 1928 he was perfected a little - a small balloon with water was attached to the chemical pencil itself, and when it was necessary to moisten the rod, the writer pressed it. On the drain, moisture came to the rod, and the reaction of the dyes with water and paper was ready!

Pencil and cosmetics

For cosmetic purposes, an art pencil is used to apply makeup. Its texture is usually dense, but extremely delicate, because not only eyebrows but also eyes are painted with such a pencil, and the skin on the eyelids is easily traumatized and requires delicate treatment. In the lead of these pencils, in addition to a variety of color pigments, natural substances: a palm oil-based glyceride, a castor oil saturated with moisture, they perform a caring function; Bees, fruity and other types of waxes, which have high refractoriness and provide makeup durability and strength for a long time; Substances that eliminate possible allergic reactions.

Professional artist tool

And, finally, a coal pencil. As it is already clear by name, the rod is made of coal with the addition of some fraction of flax oil. This additive gives the coal an extra density and color saturation, greater adhesion to the fibers of the paper. The trail left by him is soft and charcoal-black with a resin shade.

Due to its composition, the charcoal pencil is equally good for both sketchwork and drawing in the final version. Using it, the artist can depict both dark and transparent-light shades. The special convenience of the pencil is that it is easily removed from the paper, leaving virtually no traces.