The history of the Moscow Kremlin dates back to the middle of the eleventh century, when the first fortifications, remotely resembling fortifications, were built on the Borovitsky Hill. The first annalistic mention of these structures dates back to 1147. And in 1238 the Tatar-Mongol invasion equaled the fragile constructions to the ground. Later, from 1264 on the site of the Moscow Kremlin, the Moscow princes were located. To protect the princely residences the Kremlin was rebuilt again. The towers of the Moscow Kremlin were built of selected oak, but the wooden buildings were short-lived, often burned and destroyed by floods.
Beginning in 1367, Prince Dmitri Donskoi ordered the Kremlin to be rebuilt in a white rock-shell rock. In the annals of that time, Moscow is called "white stone". However, the stone turned out to be a fragile material, could not withstand flooding, the foundations "floated" and collapsed. Eventually, in the middle of the 15th century a group of Italian architects led by Antonio Solari started building a new Moscow Kremlin as a military engineering structure, an unprecedented fortress, an impregnable citadel. The material was chosen red brick, and the towers of the Moscow Kremlin from white steel to turn into red-brown.
Construction continued until 1495. Twenty towers were built - four travel and sixteen fortifications. The towers were connected by twenty battlements with loopholes. Throughout the length of the wall there was a "combat course", along which the soldiers could move freely from the tower to the tower. Today's Moscow Kremlin does not differ from the one built six hundred years ago. The same towers and the same walls. Only it no longer fulfills the role of a fortress to repel attacks of the enemy, but is a grandiose monument of artistic and historical value.
The Moscow Kremlin is built in the shape of an irregular triangle, one side of which, the eastern one, faces Red Square. All the towers of the Moscow Kremlin are united into one. The main tower - Spassky - is adjacent to the Intercession Cathedral. At the opposite end of the Red Square, opposite the historical museum, is the Nikolskaya street tower. Along the Aleksandrovsky garden stretches the north-western side of the Kremlin. And the angular Vodovzvodnaya tower gives the beginning to the Muscovite southern line, with the end of the Beklemishevskaya round tower. In the middle of the Alexander line is the second largest Trinity tower, which connects with the Kutafia Tower with a separate branch from the general outline of the Kremlin. Some towers of the Moscow Kremlin had secret underground passages.
On the inner territory are the cathedrals of the Moscow Kremlin, located on the cathedral square. There are only three of them. The Assumption Cathedral, in which once the kings of Russia were crowned, as well as rituals of the ordination of the highest Russian clergy. The last in the Assumption Cathedral was crowned Tsar Nicholas II, it was in 1886. The cathedral was built in 1479 by the architect Fioravanti Aristotle. The Assumption Cathedral was robbed and attempted to destroy Napoleon's soldiers in 1812. A century later the cathedral suffered during the revolutionary uprising of 1917.
Also on the cathedral square of the Moscow Kremlin is the Cathedral of the Annunciation, built in 1489 by Pskov architects. The cathedral was conceived as a grand ducal church and for a long time was a temple for the Moscow princes. It is famous for its ancient icon-bearing iconostasis, the icons of which were written by Andrey Rublev and Theophanes the Greek. The Annunciation Cathedral was also badly damaged when the Kremlin fired artillery in 1917.
There, on the cathedral square, the Archangel Cathedral, built in 1509 on the site of the former Archangel Cathedral built in 1333, attracts attention with its magnificent architecture. In the past, the cathedral was the burial vault of the Moscow rulers, with it there is a necropolis. There are fifty-four graves in the cathedral. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Ivan Kalita, Ivan the Terrible and Mikhail Fedorovich. In 1929, the remains of princesses and queens from the Ascension Monastery were transferred to the cathedral. All the cathedrals of the Kremlin now operate and even carry a museum-exhibition load when they are visited by delegations.
In the Moscow Kremlin there is the Armory Chamber - a large and very significant museum with an extensive collection of rare exhibits of the 17-20th centuries. Numerous exhibition halls introduce visitors to the life and personal life of Russian tsars. Carriages for ceremonial departures and simple carriages, horse harness with silver notches, horse harness, royal tableware, silverware, sets, thousands and thousands of objects of that time. In the Armory Chamber there is also a collection of works by the famous court jeweler Carl Faberge. A separate exposition presents Easter Faberge eggs.