HealthMedicine

Defibrillator is what? Principle of operation and types

Every year the level of heart pathologies grows, and, unfortunately, in many countries such ailments are the main cause of death. And heart problems arise not only in the elderly, but also in young people. World medicine is trying in various ways to deal with these pathologies, using modern instruments, and in extreme situations resorting to prompt intervention. To save lives and restore health, doctors use a device such as a defibrillator.

What is he like?

The defibrillator is a special device that acts on the heart with a short-term powerful electric pulse. During the execution of such a procedure, the critical mass of the cardiac muscle depolarizes, as a result of which the arrhythmia attack is removed. In addition, the use of this device allows the natural cells of the sinus node to return to the heart a normal rhythm. The main goal of the defibrillator is to normalize the frequency of contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle.

The area of use of the defibrillator

The main indications for the use of the device are arrhythmia and ventricular fibrillation. The procedure of artificial ventilation does not always help to translate fibrillation into a sinus rhythm, so doctors resort to a defibrillator.

Today the defibrillator is the necessary apparatus, available for use not only in medical, but also in educational institutions, parks, offices and so on. After all, a person at any time and in any place can happen a violation of the heart, and it will be saved only with the help of such a device.

Principle of operation of a medical device

A defibrillator is a device that functions as a monitor that detects a heart rhythm disturbance. It is necessary to restore the normal blows of the main human organ. Many models of defibrillators have several functions:

  • Cardioversion. In this mode, if the heart is broken, an electric shock with low energy is used.
  • Stimulation with bradycardia. The program allows in the case of a rare heartbeat to send small electrical impulses in order to maintain a normal rhythm.
  • Defibrillation. They resort to it when the heart beats very quickly. The device releases a high energy current, thereby restoring the heartbeat.
  • Antitachycardial pacing. The device in this mode sends small electrical impulses to the muscle of the heart to normalize the rhythm.

Design features of the modern defibrillator

This device is equipped with special electrodes for transthoracic and direct exposure to the heart muscle. It consists of the following parts: a charger, a capacitor or an energy storage device, as well as a discharge circuit. Moreover, some defibrillators are additionally equipped with a special instrument for cardiosynchronization.

All these medical devices are powered by a normal AC power supply. There are devices in which the possibility of charging from an on-board network of an ambulance or autonomous sources is provided. The effectiveness of their use depends on the following factors: the location of the electrodes, the discharge power and the moment of its application relative to the phase of the cardiac cycle.

Types of Defibrillators

Devices that restore cardiac fibrillation are of different types:

  • The automatic defibrillator recognizes heart diseases, and then offers the operator to make a discharge. To perform defibrillation, you must first turn on the device, paste electrodes on the patient's chest and press the necessary button. Working with him does not require special skills, so medical treatment can not even be performed by medical personnel, but, for example, coaches of sports teams, rescuers, stewardesses, teachers and so on.
  • Implantable defibrillator is a device that differs from other devices in its compact size. It is often used in conjunction with a pacemaker for patients with severe cardiac pathologies.
  • A professional defibrillator with manual control has the necessary set of programs. Electric discharge such a device transmits by means of electrodes in the form of iron. Before performing defibrillation, they are pressed tightly to the patient's body.

Still such medical devices differ on parameters of developed impulses. Based on these characteristics, defibrillators can be biphasic or monophasic. And the latter is now impossible to find in the primary market, since bipolar devices are much more efficient, therefore they gradually replace monopolar ones.

How correctly to work with a defibrillator?

Before using these devices, you must carefully study the instructions that accompany them. The defibrillator may only be used when the person is as far away from the objects conducting the current as possible and on a level surface.

When defibrillation is carried out, all safety rules must be followed. During a critical situation, it is necessary to act calmly and quickly, without panicking. Before you begin to help the patient in an unconscious state, you should make sure that he has a pulse and he is breathing. Then we'll have to call an ambulance team, because without the help of professional doctors the chance of success in performing resuscitation is too low.

You can start defibrillation before the arrival of doctors, so as not to waste precious time. To conduct it, you need to remove the outer clothing from the patient and apply the electrodes of the device on the chest strictly according to the instructions. The skin of a person should be dry at the same time. To reduce the resistance of the skin, it is better to use electrically conductive paste. To prevent burns and reduce resistance, the electrodes must be pressed tightly against the body of the patient.

When discharging, it is forbidden to touch the metal plates of the electrodes and the victim. It is for this reason that the nearby people must necessarily move to a safe distance. During the defibrillation, ventilation is not necessary. Discharge by the device is done once, the repeated pulse is performed with the same voltage or with increasing by several units.

Popular models. Defibrillator "DKI-N-10" - the most popular device

This domestic device is quite popular. The kit includes: a portable part with children's and adult electrodes, replaceable batteries and a charger for them. The first element is made in the form of a monitor, it shows information on the operating characteristics of the device and the parameters of the patient's heart.

The defibrillator-monitor is portable, therefore it retains all the possibilities of professional devices. When working with it, you can use the voice prompt function. The liquid crystal display shows all information about how the treatment event is taking place. The device has an integrated printer that allows you to quickly print the necessary indicators.

Defibrillator "DKI" is used not only in medical institutions, it is used by mobile brigades. The device has an enhanced mode of heart rate evaluation and even a separate ECG channel.

The device "DKI-N-11"

Such a device is intended for therapeutic treatment of the main human body by a single biphasic discharge with electrodes transthoracal. Defibrillator Axion is a continuation of the DKI-N-10 series, but with improved functionality. The improved model allows physicians to perform external electrocardiostimulation. The advantages of DKI-N devices include:

  • Application of accelerated energy;
  • Verbal accompaniment of the device operation and operator actions;
  • Charge of two batteries at once;
  • Formation of a bipolar impact pulse;
  • Built-in thermal printer.

Features of cardioverter-defibrillators ICD

Such medical devices produce small sizes. They are placed in the chest to reduce the risk of deaths if the rhythm of the ventricles is disturbed, thereby reducing the risk of a heart attack. Another similar device is implanted in people with ventricular tachycardia, leading to a disruption in blood circulation and even cardiac arrest.

Cardioverter-defibrillator ICD, as a rule, is implanted under local anesthesia. The implant under the clavicle is implanted, while the electrodes emerging from it are placed directly in the heart. The time for the operation takes about 2 hours.

The cardiologist enters the electrodes at the base of the neck or into the vein on the shoulder. He inserts the wire into the heart chamber, monitoring its position on the X-ray device's display, then fixes it with a stitch and connects it to a pacemaker installed in the space between the pectoral muscle and skin. Then the specialist checks the operation of the device, if everything is in order, then sashes the cut.

When buying a device such as a defibrillator, you must always check the certificate. Remember that the device should be recommended for use by the Ministry of Health, because of its quality depends on human lives.

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