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The Navy of Ukraine. Navy of Ukraine: composition. Black Sea Fleet of the Navy of Ukraine

The dramatic events in Donetsk, Lugansk and other regions, which are flowing around the South-East, somehow overshadowed the consequences of the return of the Crimean peninsula to the Russian Federation. Combat operations are conducted on land, and the fate of the Ukrainian Navy was in the shadows. From open sources it is difficult to judge how many and which ships remained in its composition, where they will be based, what are the prospects for this kind of armed forces.

Country and Navy

Consider the state of the fleet in isolation from the overall economic situation in the country is extremely difficult. The naval forces of any state are not only combat and auxiliary ships. Without a developed infrastructure, a maintenance system and material support, a set of boats can be likened to a large number of specially molded metal, which is still held on the water surface, but it is quite possible that it will soon cease. Known aphorism of the late XIX century, who said that the best way to ruin a hostile country is a gift in the form of a cruiser. Even if the ship is at the quay wall, it still needs to be repaired, painted, it needs to turn the screws, not to mention the constant training of the team. Just so to bring a cruiser or a battleship to any port is also impossible, there will immediately arise the question of fuel tanks, weapons arsenals, docks, warehouses and all that it can not do without. The content of the military fleet is an expensive matter, and not all camps can afford it ...

A vivid example is the Ukrainian Navy.

History of creation

As of 1991, the Soviet Black Sea Fleet was not the most powerful (for geostrategic reasons, preference was given to the North and Pacific), but its size impressed. The technical means of the Black Sea Fleet suggested that it could provide a sustained military impact on the likely enemy in the event of a large-scale military conflict, extending it to the entire South-Eastern region of the Mediterranean, and included missile forces, aviation, coastal artillery, submarines and surface ships. Section of the Black Sea Fleet in 1991-1992 marked the beginning of the creation of the Ukrainian Navy. The composition of the ships, according to the agreement of 1995, was divided in the ratio of 81.7% and 18.3% in favor of the Russian Federation, while technical supplies, weapons and property were distributed in half. Before that, the Black Sea Fleet had been in joint control for four years. In 1993, he seriously began to divide.

First phase of the section, 1996

The buildup of the Ukrainian Navy took place gradually, in June-July 1993, its composition was replenished with the Donetsk air cushion, followed by Hetman Sagaidachny, a management structure was formed, and new military units were created (almost 50). Work began on international cooperation, marches and calls of ships to foreign ports. 70% of the bases have moved to Ukraine, including Odessa, Izmail, Donuzlav, Balaklava. The main military airfields in Liman, Mirny, Oktyabrsky and Veseloy, spare parts in Genichesk, Sokologornoye, Bolshoy Tokmak and 80% of the shore-based stations suffered the same fate. Such a fast and successful Ukrainization prompted the headquarters of the Ukrainian Navy to be stationed in Sevastopol.

Final separation

The Soviet legacy was enormous. Due to lack of funds for its maintenance, it was partially lost. Aerodromes, submarine bases, headquarters and missile units were used as objects of the national economy or simply came to desolation. The first exercises of the Navy of Ukraine were called "Sea-96", the moment of their beginning (August 1) marked the creation of their own fleet.

At the end of May 1997, the presidents of Russia and Ukraine B. Yeltsin and L. Kuchma came to an agreement on the conditions for the location of the Russian Black Sea Fleet in the Crimea. Under the terms of the Treaty of Friendship, the Black Sea Fleet sailors were now on foreign soil, and for this it was supposed to pay the rent. The final division of the former Soviet fleet has come.

Attributes

All military men honor traditions, and seamen in particular. Any Russian sailor (as, indeed, English, for example) will recite by heart what glorious victories are symbolized by strips on the neck (collar). When creating the Ukrainian fleet with this, it was necessary to do something urgently. His own traditions were clearly not enough. Apparently, therefore, the color white-blue range in which the flag of the Ukrainian Navy is kept, resembles the Russian Andreyevsky, in spite of the fact that the cross is taken not by a straight line, but oblique. To reduce similarity, an additional blue-yellow element was placed in one of the sectors. The ceremonial and everyday uniform of Ukrainian sailors, too, in many respects resembles the Russian one. The basic everyday rituals are largely common to all the fleets of the world, and, accepting them, the military leadership proceeded from these realities.

Chronic Growth Disease

The conditions in which the Ukrainian military were, were not easy. The usual management scheme was destroyed along with a large country, and now a completely new geopolitical situation has arisen, which should first be studied and then developed its own military, and in particular naval, doctrine.

Immediately it became clear that many of the opportunities that the Soviet Black Sea Fleet possessed were lost. The Ukrainian Navy is limited in the area of operations, it simply does not have enough remote bases on which it could rely in supply. Actually, even the expediency of its existence was questioned by many in the Verkhovna Rada, but in the future considerations of state prestige still won. In service there was only one submarine (Zaporozhye), unsuitable for diving. In the same state, it still remains. Visiting card (in the strictest sense of the word, it was this frigate who made friendly visits to foreign ports) remains "Hetman Sagaidachny." "Konstantin Olshansky", BDK of the project 775 of the Polish building (1985) is efficient. The remaining material part, consisting of several dozen ships, is in extremely depressing condition. Funds for the development of the Ukrainian military fleet during all the years of independence were practically not allocated.

If tomorrow the war

The events in the Crimea, which began immediately after the overthrow of President Yanukovych and led to the separation of the autonomous region from the rest of Ukraine, led to the fact that within a few days the St. Andrew's flag was raised by 72 military units, including 25 auxiliary vessels and 6 warships. The boats were later returned to the Ukrainian side.

Rear Admiral Berezovsky, Commander of the Navy of Ukraine, after one-day performance of his duties, swore an oath to the people of the Crimea.

What's next?

The new leadership of Ukraine is ready to cooperate with Western countries, there is no doubt about it. Having lost a single naval base, it is in no hurry to deal with naval affairs. The president and the prime minister have plenty of land problems. The economic collapse, which, apparently, will cover the country after completion (with any outcome of the military campaign called ATO), will not add optimism to those Ukrainian seamen who have remained faithful to the oath and left the usual Crimean cities and went to mainland Ukraine. The intentions of the European Union and NATO are unlikely to include building powerful Ukrainian naval forces. What will happen next? Time will tell…

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