The main types of lumber, characteristics, classification and scope

Today almost every branch of the national economy uses wood products for various purposes. This is due to the unique properties of this material. Synthetic products are not yet capable of replacing it. Therefore, woodworking produces a variety of types of lumber.

Their properties and classification deserve detailed consideration.

Main characteristics

Products made of wood are made by sawing. Hence the name comes. The demand for this material is explained by its availability and a number of unique qualities. The existing types of sawn timber from wood are very diverse. They are environmentally friendly and aesthetic. In addition, they are durable, characterized by a long service life.

However, wood has negative features too. If the sawn timber has been improperly treated or used in adverse conditions, rotting and deterioration may occur.

In the selection process, you must pay attention to the quality of their processing. If the wood has been poorly dried, it will deform. Therefore, you should know what properties each product has.

Classification

There are many signs that divide the main types of sawn timber into groups. The most popular is the classification according to the type of sawing:

1. Board.
2. Cant.
3. Bar.
4. Sleeper.
5. Gorbyl.

There are also edged and unedged materials. In the first case, the workpiece is processed from all sides, and in the second case, only with one. There are their mixed varieties.

By the method of sawing, the billets are distinguished radial and tangent. This classification depends on the positioning of the saw with respect to the annual tree rings.

Another important classification factor is moisture. Dry materials have this indicator at the level of 8-10%. Such products are hard, they are used for fitting, for example, flooring. Universal lumber have a moisture content of 12-15%. These are blanks for skirting boards, platbands, timber. External sawnwood has a moisture content of more than 18%. They are suitable for facing the facade, creating a rafter system.

Material

The main types and production of lumber depends on the wood species. There are deciduous and coniferous species. The latter are more often used for the construction of load-bearing structures and floors. Hardwoods are intended for interior decoration, since they have an aesthetic appearance.

These two types of wood are different in value. Coniferous rocks are softer, subject to the influence of the external environment. The range of their use is limited, so at a price they are more profitable.

But deciduous breeds, albeit more expensive, are more durable and durable. Among coniferous species of wood, usually only pine is used for some finishing works. Among foliar varieties, the most commonly used are oak, ash, beech, maple, birch and linden.

Beam

The appearance of sawn timber for obvious reasons depends not only on the species of the tree. The processing process leaves its imprint on the characteristics of each product. One of the most common is the cant. It is used in the arrangement of both plating and independent structures and structures.

There are several types of timber. A simple type (non-core) looks like a log, processed from 4 sides. But they make other types of similar products. Profiled bar is produced in a well-defined form. Most often this is a rectangle, which has a notch below. Of these sawn timber collect good homes, cottages. They hold the heat well, have a low percentage of deformation (if the bar is properly processed). The profile can be very different.

Also there is a glued beam. It is assembled from lamellas and has improved characteristics. It practically does not shrink, does not crack. Today round timber is also in demand. He has high aesthetic qualities.

Board

Types of cutting sawn timber can create many forms of products. A very popular variety is the board. The spectrum of its application is wide. Depending on the type of wood and the accuracy of its processing, these products are used for both roughing and finishing work. Boards are in demand in the manufacture of furniture, partitions, small buildings in the country, etc. They are divided into 5 varieties:

1. Select - are used in elite interiors, as well as in shipbuilding.
2. The first and second grade is suitable for the creation of furniture facades.
3. The third class is applicable in construction.
4. The fourth grade is suitable for packaging, boxes.

Dimensions, processing level, material characteristics are taken into account in the selection process.

Types of boards

There are many approaches to the classification of boards. Each variety has its pros and cons. Demanded today parquet board. The lower layer is made of rough wood, and the surface is made of elite rocks. Another designation is a terrace, a window and an engineering board.

The first type is an easy, but durable product. It is produced most often from tropical wood species. The board for window sills has a special impregnation and is characterized by a good drying. Engineering varieties have a bottom layer of plywood, and the top of them is made of natural wood.

Lining

One of the most popular types of boards today is lining. These types of sawn timber are used for plating inside and outside the room. Even in technical documents, this type of products is called a planking board.

The profile of the lining can be different. The material from which it is produced is also characterized by a wide range. When choosing it, the operating conditions are taken into account. Coniferous and soft hardwoods are suitable for dry rooms.

If this room is a bath, then the application of resinous types of wood is not allowed. Otherwise, you may get burns. For outdoor plating, use hardwoods. They are treated with various substances to extend the service life.

Sleepers, small moldings

In addition to the products considered, today such types of lumber as the sleepers, as well as small moldings are in demand. These are narrowly applied products, but their importance is difficult to overestimate.

Wood sleepers have a number of advantages when compared with reinforced concrete varieties. They well extinguish the vibration of the train, reliably hold the rails.

The need for regular maintenance of existing communication routes, as well as the installation of new lines require a large number of quality sleepers. They are made from expensive types of wood, because the sleepers are exposed to heavy loads and adverse environmental influences. They are impregnated with special substances in order to avoid processes of decay, rapid destruction. Depending on the type of trains moving along the line of communication, sleepers of different strength class are used.

Also, narrow-molded varieties of sawn timber are small molded products. These include skirting boards, corners, platbands, glazing beads. They produce a variety of dimensions. This allows you to choose the best option for everyone.

Gorbyl

In the process of manufacturing a bar or boards, a slab is obtained. This is the lateral part of the log. On the one hand, these lumber are convex, and on the other - flat. This material is also in demand today. For the arrangement of temporary buildings, technical rooms, the slab is quite applicable.

Also today it has become quite popular to perform decorative finishing with this kind of lumber. The mound is machined mechanically only from the saddle side, so before installation work it must be impregnated with a special antiseptic. Otherwise, after a couple of years, the croaker will turn into dust. Relatively low cost makes it in demand. There are new areas in which this material is applied.

Dimensions

Types of sawn timber and their use determine the size. Each type of processing has its clearly defined shape boundaries. Dimensions sometimes even define the name of the product. The board is edged products, the width of which is more than twice the thickness.

If this ratio is not satisfied, the product is called a bar. It has a width less than double the thickness. And the bars in general have the minimum installed dimensions. Their thickness and width should exceed 100 mm.

The usual length of the bar is 6 m. The width and thickness parameters are typically 100 to 100 mm, 100 to 150 mm or 150 to 150 mm. If the project requires the use of material with even larger dimensions, the product is made to order. But the cost will be much higher than the standard. Therefore, when designing a project, the engineer must take into account these dimensions.

The board is also produced in accordance with the standards. Its thickness is 25, 40, 50 mm. The length is usually 4, 5 or 6 m, and the width is 100 or 150 mm. The bar is usually made with standard dimensions 40 to 40 or 50 to 50 mm. The length of the workpiece can be 3, 4, 5 or 6 m.

For the arrangement of flooring today produce a certain variety of boards. They have a width of 85 to 140 mm. Depending on the level of load, its thickness is from 27 to 45 mm. Standard dimensions are always taken into account in the design process.

Having considered the main types of sawn timber, their properties, scope of application, everyone can choose the best type of product for their conditions. The variety of shapes, sizes and materials allows to apply them practically in any sphere of human activity.