Population of Orsk: number, employment and features

The ancient Russian town of Orsk has an interesting history. In these places, there always lived courageous, industrious and peaceful people. Throughout history, the population of the city of Orsk has grown, but today the situation has changed. Let's try to understand what the peculiarities of the inhabitants of this settlement are, what they are doing and how they live.

Geographical position

At the junction of Europe and Asia, in the Southern Urals, the city of Orsk is located. It is located at the confluence of the River Ory in the Ural River. The population of Orsk lives on two banks of the Urals - European and Asian. In the areas adjacent to the rivers, there is a flat relief. And in the part that is located on the eastern slope of the southern part of the Ural Mountains, hilly relief predominates. The area of the city is 621 square meters. Km. The distance to Moscow is just over 15 thousand km. And to the regional center of Orenburg - about 250 km. The city is well provided with water resources, as well as various minerals.

Climate

Orsk is in a zone of sharply continental climate. Therefore, the city is characterized by a cold, fairly long winter, and a hot, sometimes arid summer. The temperature difference between the seasons is up to 85 degrees. Summer lasts about 3 months, from early June to early September. At this time of year, little rain falls, droughts are not uncommon. The average temperature in July is 21 degrees of heat. Winter lasts from mid-November to mid-April. The snow cover lasts about 140 days a year. The average temperature in January is around -12 degrees. Spring and autumn in the region are short. In the spring, winds often blow, there is a rapid melting of the snows, and floods occur.

City `s history

The first inhabitants on the territory of modern Orsk appeared in the era of the Paleolithic. However, there are no documents confirming the existence of any permanent settlements here. And there are only archaeological finds proving that there were periodically lived different tribes.

The official date of the founding of Orsk is 1731, when the fortress was laid Orenburg, later Orskaya. The famous Russian geographer IK Kirillov headed the expedition, which laid the fortification structure. The location of the fortress was very convenient: the two rivers were excellent trade routes, and the hill could well defend the structure. At that time the southeastern border of the Russian Empire was passing by, the Kazakh tribes lived on the other side of the river, which sometimes were not averse to profit in the Russian territory.

Near the mountain on which the fortress was built, a deposit of silver ore was found , as well as large deposits of stone, including the famous orch of jasper. The expedition was constantly stationed in the city, the purpose of which was to study the local subsoil. V. Tatishchev, who for some time headed the expedition, made a lot of efforts for the development of the city. With it, a wooden church was built, customs services were established to collect duties from traders from Asia and Kazakhstan. The population of Orsk actively developed local lands, bred livestock, and engaged in farming. In the city there were many famous people, including representatives of the monarch's family.

At the beginning of the 20th century, industry began to develop here, but a real industrial breakthrough occurred during the Second World War, when several large manufacturing enterprises were evacuated. In the postwar period, the city turned into a typical industrial settlement of the Urals. In the post-perestroika period, economic problems began to arise, caused by the decaying industry. Today the situation is improving a little, although it is still far from the former level of production.

Population

It is known that in 1866 about 3 thousand people lived in Orsk. Counting the population of Orsk began systematically in 1897. Then there lived 14 thousand people. The first tangible positive jump in the number of residents of the city occurred in the early 30s, when industrialization began in Orsk and several large industrial enterprises were being built. The second significant increase was recorded in the post-war years, when a large number of specialists and workers come to work on numerous evacuated and remaining enterprises in the city.

In the following Soviet years, the population of Orsk slowly but steadily increased. The slowdown in the increase in numbers occurs during the years of perestroika. And in 1989, even recorded a negative dynamics of the number of residents. Since the end of the 1990s, the number of the population of Orsk has been decreasing by several thousand per year. At the beginning of 2016 in the city lived 231 thousand people. Orsk occupies the 87th place in terms of the number of inhabitants among all cities of Russia.

Administrative division and distribution of the population

The administrative division of the city, established in 2013, allocates three districts: Leninsky, Sovetskiy and Oktyabrsky. Although the locals habitually divide it into two parts: the Old and the New Towns. The population of Orsk lives quite spacious, the density is 409 people per square kilometer. For example, in Orenburg this indicator is twice as high. The distribution of residents across regions is uneven. So, the population leader is Oktyabrsky district, and the other two districts are approximately equal in number of inhabitants.

Economy of the city

Since the Soviet times in Orsk, the metallurgical and engineering industries are well developed. There is a large plant for processing copper and gold-bearing ores, as well as a large factory for the production of pipes. In Orsk, one of the largest heavy engineering plants, ORMETO-UUMZ, is based.

Also, the population of Orsk successfully works at several manufacturing enterprises, in the field of geological prospecting and oil refining. More than half of the city's economy consists of industrial enterprises, non-industrial spheres occupy about 48%. The city has a well-developed trade and services that provide comfortable accommodation for the citizens. Today's financial crisis still has a negative impact on the economy of Orsk, there is a decline in production at the city's large enterprises, which leads to a reduction in the incomes of the population and a decrease in the standard of living of orchans.

Employment

The Center for Population Employment (Orsk) conducts continuous monitoring of the situation with unemployment. The official figure is 1.4%, which generally fits in the average figures for the country. But the problem is that the recent decline in unemployment does not reflect the real situation. More and more residents of the city do not go to the exchange in search of work, as they do not see any prospects for themselves. Social protection of the population of Orsk notes that people's living standards are greatly reduced and that informal unemployment is kept at about 3-4%. The main problems in the sphere of employment in Orsk is the low demand for people with higher education. This is particularly true of middle-aged women, for whom there is almost no work in the city.

Infrastructure of Orsk

The city has good transport security. It is a railway branch, the airport operates international status. The quality of roads in Orsk has improved noticeably in recent years, although the situation with traffic jams, as in the whole country, exists. The population of Orsk is well provided by the enterprises of the sphere of education, health and culture. The city is constantly introducing new housing, although the prices for apartments are quite high, despite the fact that the level of salaries in Orsk below the national average.

Well in the city the sphere of physical culture and sports and leisure is developed. The infrastructure of the city provides residents with comfortable living, but the main problem - low incomes - does not always allow residents to use these facilities in full. The center for social support of the population of Orsk notes that in the last year the number of people seeking help has increased due to the fact that incomes decrease.

Demographic characteristics of the population of Orsk

Fertility and mortality are the two most important indicators of the well-being of any city. In Orsk these indicators are not very consoling. Thus, the birth rate is on average less than 800 deaths a year. The migratory income of the population slightly reduces the severity of the problem, an average of 800 people arrive annually, but the population is gradually aging. The able-bodied population of Orsk is about 59% of the total number of residents, over working age - about 23% and under working age - 18%. The number of women of working age exceeds the number of men by 5 thousand.