Woodworking production: characteristics and technological process

Woodworking is one of the rapidly developing spheres in the industry of Russia. Modern woodworking production makes it possible to obtain lumber, logs, furniture and many other products by processing wood.

How to improve efficiency?

Sawmill is a traditional craft for our country. But, in comparison with the past, modern equipment makes it possible to cut, dry and process wood not only better, but also faster. Woodworking production today is aimed at improving the efficiency of sawmilling by introducing new processing technologies and innovative equipment. As a result, many processes become mechanized, old machines are replaced with new models, lines of automatic wood processing are introduced with its rejection and sorting.

Features of sawing

Wood products are made from wood and processed in various ways, depending on what is specifically involved in woodworking: logging, the creation of furniture and wood pulp, the manufacture of paper, cardboard and products from them, and so on. In general, the stages of the technological process can be described as follows:

1. Harvesting of wood. It is conducted at a specially selected site for felling.
2. Wood sawing and sawing felled trees on logs.
3. Culling to sort large and small logs of different diameters.
4. Already in the sawmill, the primary processing of logs in sawn timber using circular or band saws. Here it is necessary to say that the production of woodworking equipment is currently being conducted at an active pace, and therefore woodworking is happening both faster and better.

Let's consider the above-described technological steps in more detail.

Cutting and drying

These two processes are closely related, and they can follow the enterprise in different sequences. Most often, the wood is dried directly on the boards, and the sawn timber is cut into blanks already in dry form. As the experts note, if drying is performed in the boards, then the output is 2-3% more lumber. In addition, cutting already dried boards allows you to timely notice the defects and defects in wood and discard unsuitable elements.

The technology of woodworking industries involves drying in several ways, but most often - either atmospheric, or using special cameras. Atmospheric drying is a long process, involving the storage of wood in the open air. The use of drying equipment makes it possible to speed up the logging process. It is worth remembering that the quality of the final construction depends on the degree of drying of the lumber.

What technologies?

Modern woodworking production involves the processing of harvested wood in various ways. Note that any mechanical processing of a tree is a difficult cut. But, depending on technological goals, the process of wood processing can be reduced to three actions:

1. Wood and wood materials are subject to fission.
2. All elements are surface processed, within which technological allowances are removed.
3. The materials are subjected to deep processing, during which the finished billets are transformed into finished parts of the products.

The division of wood can occur with the formation of shavings-waste or without them. In surface processing, milling, grinding and turning operations are performed, while deep work is performed on drilling, deep milling and chiselling. Each of these processes has its own characteristics. Sawing, milling, grinding, grinding, turning, drilling - all these are the technologies on the basis of which any woodworking industry works. A scaffold-support for plants, by the way, is the first product created by schoolchildren at a technology lesson in the fourth grade. It is at this age that children are introduced to the process of woodworking.

Protective measures

Wood is a material that does not differ in its resistance to external environmental factors. That is why in any enterprise that works with wood, protective measures are necessarily carried out. Their task is to prevent the destruction of wood and protect it from fire, fungus, mold. In the framework of these measures, not only thorough drying of the material, but also chemical treatment with the use of antiseptics is carried out. In most cases sawmilling and woodworking industries use antiseptics with an oily base, varnishes that do not dissolve in water for this purpose. Processing is carried out with wood tar, creosote oil, carboleum.

What is produced?

Modern wood processing enterprises are striving to optimize their technologies in order to obtain a larger volume of final products using a smaller volume of wood. Woodworking production allows you to obtain a variety of end products:

• MDF boards. To produce them, waste products are used, which are ground and processed by steam under high pressure - the mass is wiped, then dried and glued.
• Rack-type wood. This semi-finished product is obtained by gluing the slats from the already dried wood.
• Particleboard boards. They are panels with a uniform thickness, based on chips, mixed with binders.
• Plywood. It is a sheet of wood of different thickness, which are glued together with special glues.

What machines?

Woodworking machines for production are presented in a huge variety and can perform a variety of work related to the processing of material. Among the popular equipment can be identified:

• Combined machines are multipurpose equipment capable of sawing, planing, drilling, cutting spikes and so on. These machines are used for complex processing of blanks from natural wood or its waste.
• Lathes process the workpiece by cutting and turning, carving out the thread, processing the ends, drilling holes.
• Band saws make it possible to perform straight or shaped sawing of materials. The blade in such equipment is a continuous metal band with teeth.
• Milling machines perform work on the guide rulers, while the material is fed manually. The use of such equipment is advisable in the profile, planar and shaped processing of wood billet.
• Drilling machine allows to handle holes, removing chips;
• Format-cutting machines allow piece -by- piece or serial cut-out of plate materials.
• Circular saws are tools that have hard teeth that can handle wood.

This is only a small part of the machines that are used in woodworking. With their help, you can create lumber, blanks, semi-finished products, which find further use in the construction, furniture and other areas.

conclusions

It should be noted that every year, both technology and equipment, which is used for wood processing, are becoming more and more perfect. And this, in turn, makes it possible to create a variety of products from this natural material. Note that even in school, and in the primary, wood processing is studied. The product "Scaffold-support for plants" is the first thing a child can create in the fourth grade. This allows even in childhood to teach children to treat wood and nature in general and draw attention to logging and woodworking as one of the actively developing spheres in Russia.