The history of Yaroslavl is brief. Yaroslavl: history, sights

Yaroslavl is one of the most interesting cities in Russia. Today we will tell you about it. The history of Yaroslavl is closely intertwined with the history of the Russian state, rich in the culture of our country. On the map below, the Yaroslavl Region is marked in red.

Cultural and historical significance of the city

At the confluence of Kotorosli and the Volga, in the 11th century a fortress was built, which was supposed to protect the approaches to Rostov the Great. Witnesses of brutal and selfless battles of Russian soldiers with the Horde invaders became the walls of the Spassky Monastery. The militia Minin and Pozharsky flocked to the city to liberate Moscow. Here, in Yaroslavl, was found one of the lists of the "Lay of Igor's Campaign," the pearl of the literature of Ancient Rus. Many other biographical facts from the life of the great cultural figures of our country are also connected with the name of this great city located on the Volga: FG. Volkov, director, actor and playwright, N.A. Nekrasov, dear to the Russian heart of the poet, LN. Trefolev, the poet-democrat, A.M. Opekushina, sculptor, L.V. Sobinov, the singer, A.I. Savrasov, the artist. Let us glance at the distant past of our country, where with chronicle of legends and folk legends, chronicles bear witnesses together.

How did Yaroslavl come about?

The history of the city of Yaroslavl dates back to ancient times. This city begins with a place that is still called the Arrow. In Russian toponymy, this word is often found. This is the name of the long braid, the cape at the confluence of two rivers. It was here, on the river Kotorosli, formed by the confluence of the Volga, as well as on the Kotorosli's sleeve, which runs along the bottom of the Medveditsky ravine, the first settlement of the local inhabitants arose.

On Strelka as a result of archaeological excavations were found traces of the Meryansk settlement, from which the history of the city of Yaroslavl begins. One of the legends about how this city originated echoes the data collected by archaeologists. It is called "Legend of the construction of the city of Yaroslavl." This legend reached us in the notes of Samuel Mislavsky, the Rostov archbishop.

This is the story of the city of Yaroslavl, or rather, its prehistory. About how it was based, read below.

Ancient legend about the bear

The history of the coat of arms of the city of Yaroslavl is as follows. It depicts a bear. This forest owner is one of the main characters in the ancient legend of how this city originated. The history of Yaroslavl is closely connected with this animal. In the "Legend ..." you can read that when, after the establishment of a tribute from the inhabitants of the Medvezhye corner, Yaroslav the Wise came again to these places from Rostov, then the residents let him "fierce beast and dogs." But the prince defeated the beast. Local residents were frightened of the strength of Yaroslav the Wise and fell prostrate before him. This story is especially loved by children when they tell them about how Yaroslavl came about. A brief history of the city for children must include this legend.

As you know, a lot of peoples who had a bear cult, there was a kind of taboo - the ban to call his name. About the bear always said "old man", "beast", "master." Echoes of this phenomenon here and there, and today, of course, only in the form of folk traditions.

Bearing corner and the emergence of Yaroslavl

In Yaroslavl, we also have information about the cult of this beast in ethnographic, archaeological material. Let us recall at least the Medveditsa River (which is the left tributary of the Volga) and a fort located here, called "the city of the bear". The horror that engulfed the inhabitants of Medvezhye's corner at the death of the sacred animal was truly great.

In one form or another, the legend about the deed of Yaroslav the Wise existed, apparently, in antiquity. This is how our ancestors imagined what began the history of the city.

Yaroslavl ... A brief summary of the legend about this city, founded by Yaroslav the Wise, was passed from parents to children. It was reflected in the ancient coat of arms of the city, the earliest image of which belongs to the 17th century. Prince Yaroslav, naturally, was not satisfied with only a victory over the bear, a symbol of the independence of this place. In order to gain a foothold on an important waterway from Rostov, he founded the city on the modern Strelka, which in its plan resembled an equilateral triangle. This is the history of the formation of the city of Yaroslavl.

Versions about the foundation of Yaroslavl

When did this remarkable event take place? This, perhaps, is one of the most controversial and complex issues that mark the history of the city of Yaroslavl. Most often, the foundation of the city is associated with the events of 1024. Yaroslav the Wise, who was involved in internal strife with his brother Mstislav in the south, was forced to deal with the affairs of the land of Suzdal. This marked the beginning of further events, as a result of which the city was formed.

There is also another point of view about the origin of the history of the city of Yaroslavl. Let's briefly outline its essence. Yaroslavl, according to some researchers, was to be founded by the prince no later than 1010 years. According to this version, the legend refers events that occurred in the Bear's corner, by the time when Yaroslav was the prince of Rostov. The foundation of the fortress near Kotorosli, a navigable river, could be dictated by the strengthening of princely power in Rostov land.

The first mention of the city in the annals

By 1071 the first mention in the annals of such a city as Yaroslavl. A brief history of the city for children or adults should include a story that at this time the uprising of smerds, headed by the Magi, began on the banks of the Volga (northeast of Russia). In the annals you can find a detailed record of how the local peasants, led by "the two Magi from Yaroslavl," performed. The princely squad suppressed this uprising.

The origin of the name "Yaroslavl"

We see that the connection of this city with the name of its founder, Yaroslav the Wise, is obvious. Subsequently, this figure became the great prince of Kiev. Quite simple is the structure of the name. Even a child can explain what "Yaroslavl" means. The history of the city for children (the brief content of this article can be its basis) should be told in plain language, but at the same time fascinating. Without delving into the linguistic analysis, the child can simply be told that "Yaroslavl" means "Yaroslav's city".

Chopped city

In the 13th century, the history of the city of Yaroslavl, summarized in this article, was marked by another important event. Prince Konstantin Vsevolodovich in 1215 laid the "chamber" on Strelka - the prince's court, as well as the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin, the first stone church. In the city one of the most ancient monasteries appeared in the North-Eastern Russia - the Savior-Transfiguration (which was also called simply Spassky). Yaroslavl originally was, like most other cities of Ancient Rus, a wooden chopped fortress. Therefore, the oldest part of it, which was on Strelka, was known for a long time as a Chopped City.

Now about this poetic ancient name reminds the name of the church built in 1695 - Nikolae Rubleny city, otherwise - the church of St. Nicholas the Rubble. As some researchers believe, the name "Chopped City" was fixed relatively late due to the opposition to the Earth Town in the 16th century. In 1463 Yaroslavl entered the Russian state. The history of the city for children, the summary of which can be expanded by adding curious information from this article, does not need to contain all the historical details. Suffice it to say that the further economic development of the city and the growth of its territory began after this event.

Yaroslavl already in the 16th century its surroundings surrounded by a deep outer moat and a high earthen rampart. The name "Earth City" is derived from here. Here we can mention the existence of a parallel with Moscow, where in ancient times there was also an Earth city. In the present Yaroslavl there is also the Red Square, the photo of which is presented below.

The administrative center of the city, which is noteworthy, until the end of the 18th century was in the territory of the Chopped City. After this, the so-called Yaroslavl regular plan arose, along which the center was moved to Ilyinskaya Square (later renamed into the Soviet).

Names of city streets

It is impossible not to notice one fact, describing the city of Yaroslavl. History, its sights - all this is very interesting. However, the names associated with this place are no less curious. As you know, Yaroslavl is one of the most ancient cities of Russia with a centuries-old history, natural features. But looking at the map of the city today, we will not meet many imaginative, ancient names. The names of the streets are the following: Revolutionary, Soviet Lane, Deputatskaya, Pervomayskaya, Cooperative, School, etc. However, there are also names associated with the history of this city: Melnichny Lane, City Val, Nekrasov, Yamskaya, Suzdal, Matrossky Descent, etc.

Trefolev Street in Yaroslavl

We will tell briefly about one street, which can be found by visiting the city of Yaroslavl, history, sights and legends about which we are interested. On the modern map there is Trefolev Street. Yaroslavl in her name immortalized the memory of the poet-democrat who lived here, - L.N. Trefoleve (1843-1905). He was also a good interpreter, historian, editor. Many of his poems became folk songs. This, for example, "Song of the Kamarinsky peasant," "Dubinushka," etc.

Yaroslavl - the city in which Nekrasov was born

Literary, poetic Yaroslavl is first of all Nekrasov. In fact, Yaroslavl is the motherland of this great Russian poet. He was brought by a three-year-old child to the village of Greshnevo (which is called today Nekrasovo), the family estate of his father, located near Yaroslavl. Nekrasov at the age of 11 entered the local gymnasium. The child will probably be interested to learn that this great poet lived in a city like Yaroslavl. The history of the city for children for this reason should include brief biographical information from his life.

The poet did not lose touch with his homeland in his mature years. He often came to Greshnevo for the summer, and also purchased in 1861 an estate in the village of Karabikha. In this mansion, he lived almost every four years for several months and wrote his best works. The locality in which this village is located is connected with historical events. In the second quarter of the 15th century, during the internecine war, it was here that battles were fought between Vasily the Dark, the Moscow prince, and Dmitri Shemyaka, the Galician prince, for the great reign. In 1435, the troops of Shemyaka were defeated in the battle near the Carabit mountain (a hill near Karabichi).

Historical events connected with the Transfiguration Monastery

The name of the city of Yaroslavl for historians of literature, as for every Russian person, is connected with one more fact. We mentioned at the beginning of the article that the Savior-Transfiguration Monastery is one of the oldest in Russia. He is known to many on the events of Russian history. For example, here was created a spiritual school, the first in north-eastern Russia, which had a large library for that time, consisting of thousands of manuscript books. Also outside the walls of the Spassky Monastery in 1571 Ivan the Terrible found shelter, when the troops of Devlet-Giray, the Crimean Khan, came to Moscow. In addition, the walls of this monastery were able to withstand a heavy 23-day siege in the spring of 1609 during the struggle against the Polish invaders. And in 1612, on July 27, the people's militia led by Minin and Pozharsky left here for a decisive battle with the enemies who settled in Moscow.

However, one fact from his history is especially dear. The list of "Words about Igor's Campaign," a great monument of ancient Russian literature, was kept in the vestry of this monastery. Count Musin-Pushkin in 1795 bought a number of valuable manuscripts from Joel Bykovsky, a former archimandrite. The collector found among them a list of "Words ...".

We have already spoken about the library of the spiritual school, which was located in the Spassky Monastery. Both the library and the school in 1214 were transferred to Rostov. Her treasures, unfortunately, were burnt during a fire in this city. Perhaps it was in this library that the manuscript of "The Words ..." was kept, with which in the 16th century a list was made, subsequently acquired by Musin-Pushkin.

A.K. Savrasov - another famous resident of Yaroslavl

A lot of interesting facts from the biography of figures of Russian culture are associated with the city of Yaroslavl. Not many are probably aware that it is here that AK. Savrasov, a great artist, worked on his painting "The Rooks Arrived" (and also on many other works). He spent in Yaroslavl, it would seem, very little time - a few months of winter and spring 1870-1871. However, it was this period of creativity that proved to be very fruitful for the artist. In Yaroslavl, he wrote such famous paintings as "The Grave on the Volga", "The Spill of the Volga over Yaroslavl", "Volga". Several etudes of the famous "Rooks" were also created. One of the first was written on the then outskirts of the city, called Vspol'em. The Vladimir Church served as the backdrop for the tree on which rooks nest.

The battle with the Tatars, which occurred on the Tug mountain

The threat of the invasion of the Horde did not bypass the Yaroslavl Principality. The enemies burned the city, and Vsevolod, the first Yaroslavl prince, died during the battle on the River City, which the Russians lost. But the city did not give up. Its inhabitants in 1257 rebelled. Yaroslavl, according to legend, met the Tatar squad for Kotoroslya. Here, under the leadership of Prince Constantine on a small hill, which later became known as the Tug mountain, a battle took place. Although the local residents fought bravely, the forces were unequal this time. Right on the battlefield, on the Tug mountain, Russian soldiers were buried. The popular rumor later began to connect the name of the mountain with this battle. According to legend, women came to the hill long after the battle to mourn the dead, "grieve" for them. Allegedly this became the basis of the name.

However, these events have not been documented. Chronicles of the battle with the Tatars are silent, and the reign of Yaroslavl Constantine can only be established indirectly.

Sights of Yaroslavl

In the city, an amazing combination of the new and the old, the poor and the rich, the savage and the spiritual. In Yaroslavl, you can find many attractions. Often locals do not even know themselves that there are certain assets in their city, as there are a lot of them. The main attractions are located in the center. You can talk about them for a long time. Only the embankments Kotorosli and the Volga are worth something! The connection of these rivers is a favorite place for tourists and local people. In Yaroslavl there are also many museums. Of great interest are the Metropolitan Chambers, in which icons from the churches and monasteries of the city are represented. Pictures of Russian artists are kept in the Governor's House. And of course, as in any ancient Russian city, there are many churches here: the Church of St. John the Baptist, the Church of St. Michael the Archangel, the Church of St. John Chrysostom and many others.

These are information about the history of the city of Yaroslavl and its sights. In this article, only the main points related to his past were presented. Meanwhile, the history of the emergence of the city of Yaroslavl is very interesting and ambiguous. You can study it for a very long time. The history of the founding of the city of Yaroslavl leaves a lot of riddles, over which even today a lot of scientists are beating.