EducationHistory

What changed the tool for plowing, which came to replace the hoe?

For many centuries, cavemen have been gaining subsistence by hunting and gathering, and only five thousand years ago the producer has replaced the appropriating economy (in which the person took everything necessary in ready-made form from Mother Nature). A man has tamed a dog, has learned to cultivate the earth, using primitive tools of labor. Gradually the fishery developed, a new tool for plowing, which came to replace the hoe, allowed a person to move from hoe to slash-and-burn agriculture, increase yields and ease the hard work of the first plowmen.

First steps

The oldest hoes were two sticks, one of which was tied in the bottom part of the other crosswise. Thus, man received the prototype of a modern instrument of labor. It was not easy to work with them, so that gradually men began to engage in agriculture (this is the reason for the transition from matriarchy to patriarchy). It took a lot of time to cultivate a piece of land, and the person understood: something needs to be changed.

Harrow-sukovatka, a tool for plowing, which came to replace the hoe, is an ordinary stick with a lot of knots. At first it was simply dragged along the ground, thus raising the lower layers of the soil. A little later, to the base of the stick began to tie something like ropes, with which help to pull the harrow was much easier. The type of farming has also changed: now people did not simply raise the lower layers of the soil upward, but specially prepared the parcels for processing. A relatively flat piece of land was selected in the forest, then it was cleared of trees. The fallen logs were burned, and soil was fertilized with ashes, only after that agricultural crops were planted. Usually from such an allotment received two or three crops, and then it was simply thrown, starting all over again on another site.

But on this man did not stop. New tools for plowing, which replaced the hoe and harrow-sukovatke, and supplanted slash and fire way of farming.

Tillage farming

Parallel to agriculture, livestock breeding also developed, so the use of livestock in agricultural work was a matter of time. The horse, tamed by man, was originally only a means of transportation, it was much later to apply its power in plowing. The next step in the development of agriculture was another tool for plowing, which replaced hoe and harrow-sukovatke, - a light wooden ralo. At first it was a stick, to which were attached two smaller sticks, which loosened the ground. One end of the rally was attached to the animal, another was followed by a farmer. Naturally, the use of livestock greatly simplified the plowing process, and a similar method of tillage improved yields.

Influence on society

Now it does not matter what tools for plowing, who came to replace the hoe, Used by man. It is important how they influenced the development of society. Initially, the human collective was dominated by matriarchy, the cult of a woman, considered the foundation of everything on earth. But with the evolution of agriculture it became clear that the weak sex can not perform all the work, so gradually a transition to patriarchal relations took place. In the new society, the main role was played by a man. And until now, mankind maintains these foundations, which by its existence are due to the transition from the hoe to the more complex types of farming.

Conclusion

The role of various adaptations in the development of agriculture can be discussed for a very long time. But with certainty one can say one thing: the cannon for plowing, which came to replace the hoe, could radically change the ideas about the producing economy and the human collective. So the sowing harrow and the wooden ralo are much more than just devices for digging the earth, they are steps in the development of society and civilization.

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