The concept of a culture of speech, the criteria and quality of good speech. Basic qualities of good speech

The culture of speech is a separate discipline in linguistics. Its main goal is not the accumulation of as much knowledge as possible, but the ability to apply them correctly. Speech is the identification of the character of a person and even society as a whole. The qualities of good speech are very multifaceted. They show how much the style of communication corresponds to the situation. Speech should be successful both for the one who speaks and for whom it is addressed. This is the basic principle that describes good speech and its qualities.

Speech

Speech is a means to connect sounds with a certain meaning, as well as express the personality of a person, his thoughts, feelings and emotions.

People have been taking speech from childhood. Throughout life they grind, perfect this tool of self-expression.

If speech corresponds to all modern literary norms, it can be called correct. If there are no expressions and constructions that are alien to the literary model, such a means of communication is called pure.

Speech is rich when it uses stylistic devices and methods. It becomes bright. Speech can also be logical or accurate, to correspond to a certain style, to which the audience is tuned.

But if this tool of self-expression is accessible to listeners, this is understandable speech. After all, it is very important that what has been said touches the listeners. The main qualities of good speech lie in the degree of its impact on a person.

Relativity

Determining the basic characteristics and qualities of good speech is not so simple. The concept of the culture of speech and its quality vary even for one people over time. Therefore, it can not be properly perceived, being out-of-date.

The standard of good speech varies territorially and socially. For each generation there are norms, basic qualities of good speech.

Also, one can not distinguish the same qualities as good oral, written, monological and dialogical stylistics.

Evaluation of the quality of good speech, even in specifically taken Russian language is made from the position of form, style and functionality, the conditions for its implementation.

A culture of speech

The culture of speech implies the organization of linguistic means and techniques, which, in observance of all norms of communication, is capable in a certain situation of creating the maximum effect in achieving the task assigned to it.

The culture of speech implies the mastery of the rules and constructions of the literary language. And both in oral and written forms.

The ability to select and correctly organize the means of expression of thoughts is also included in the concept of "culture of speech." The qualities of good speech allow in a certain situation to achieve the task set for communication.

The culture of speech also implies the observance of etiquette of communication. The main concepts of this issue are the literary language, its norms, style and standard, types and forms of speech.

Qualities of correct speech

The qualities of a good communicative speech have a mass of signs. Correctness serves as a basis for such signs of good speech as wealth, purity, logic, accuracy, clarity, relevance, euphoniousness. This is a short list. He determines the qualities of good speech. Correctness is one of the main criteria.

Right speech observes the existing norms of the language, for example, pronunciation, vocabulary, stylistics, morphology, syntax.

The richness of speech is determined by the presence in it of a variety of linguistic means. Its purity is the absence of non-literary words.

Precision as a component of the correctness of speech implies the correspondence of words to their actual values.

Logic allows you to give intelligibility to speech. It must conform to the laws of logic, so as not to be confused.

Expressiveness evokes emotions, and clarity is an adequate understanding of what has been said. Simplicity will allow to communicate naturally, and relevance will make communication appropriate to the tasks of its implementation.

The quality of good speech briefly describes all these aspects.

Communicative qualities

Speech always correlates with non-verbal structures. These links should be known to understand its qualities. This is primarily related to language. These are not analogous concepts. Speech is built from the language and is subject to its laws. Language units gather in certain structures and form a speech.

Communicative qualities of good speech are in its relationship with thinking. Thought is formed and expressed in speech. This makes the communication logical, accurate. Speech corresponds with consciousness. This helps to see what is behind the words (imagery, expressiveness, relevance).

Speech is also correlated with reality. After all, communication describes objects, phenomena and events. It also relates to the addressee. The author of speech usually creates it for someone. He must make communication understandable to the listener.

Speech corresponds with the conditions of communication. It will be appropriate in some conditions, but in others there. This factor also plays an important role in understanding the criteria and qualities of good speech.

Right

The main quality of good conversational, technical, legal, medical speech and its other styles is correctness. It can be accentological, semantic, formal, stylistic, etc. It is considered in the aspect of orthoepy and word-formation.

Lexical correctness does not allow excessive pretentiousness of speech or its jargon. Morphologically correct formulation is determined by grammatical norms. Syntactic correctness concretizes concepts.

Stylistic correctness takes into account and chooses those expressions, words and sounds that are characteristic of a certain communication. For example, the quality of a good legal speech will not be the same for a technical style.

Elitist type of speech

The quality of speech should also be considered from the standpoint of its typology. The elite variety is the closest to the literary and ethical norms of communication.

Carriers of this speech style of communication easily use their vocabulary properly. It is great due to the possession of the cultural, literary, scientific values of mankind. The carrier of this style of communication due to his knowledge has a large passive and active vocabulary.

The owner of an elite type of communication has the ability to think what is achieved through a wide coverage of general cultural, fundamental texts. It is on them that such a person is guided in his speech.

The bearer of the elite type of communication constantly replenishes its qualities of good speech in Russian on the basis of authoritative texts, and not from newspapers and television.

The medium-literary type

The carriers of the medium-literary type of communication are the majority of the inhabitants of our country. These are people who have received higher or secondary education. This communication is the embodiment of a simplified culture.

A distinctive feature of this type of speech is the satisfaction of its owners with their own knowledge, the unwillingness to improve their speech culture or to check the sources from which information comes.

The basic qualities of a good speech by a medium-literary type of communicator were acquired in educational institutions and then forgotten, not improved independently. This leads to systemic speech errors. Sometimes such people are so confident in their rightness that they are even ready to defend their vision of the rules of speech, which often differs from the generally accepted standard. At best, when commenting on an error, the medium-medium-type communication medium will not pay attention to it, and at worst will take the criticism aggressively.

The basic information such people receive from statements in newspapers, in popular magazines, on radio or television. This knowledge is perceived as fundamental, they are equal.

This is an unfinished elite type, in which the criteria and qualities of good speech are respected, but not completely.

Spoken type

Conversational type of communication as a separate subspecies began to develop in the 90s of the last century. It is divided into a literary-colloquial and familiar-colloquial type.

The bearer of this style of communication adheres to the conversational manner of communication in any setting, even the official one. They are characterized by reduced speech to a greater or lesser extent.

In the literary-colloquial type, communication predominates over "you", and in the familiar-colloquial, rough statements are added.

Bearers of this manner of communication have no idea what qualities a good speech should have. They are used to talking at the level that is observed in their entire environment. Getting into a new environment for them, such people simply can not change the way they express their thoughts. After all, they simply do not have a different model of behavior.

Most often, these styles are spread by television, inviting people on a talk show to people who prefer a conversational manner of communication.

Orthographic and syntactic norms

There is an opinion that spelling mistakes in verifiable and unverifiable words should be treated with different severity. In some cases, it is better to change the rule.

Speech is also considered from the point of view of the severity of the errors in it. There are norms that allow some deviation.

The carriers of the elite type of communication practically do not allow spelling and syntactic errors. Maybe only a few non-structured deviations. At the same time, holders of the medium-literary style allow them much more, since they rarely look in the dictionary when writing texts, do not fill up knowledge about the appropriateness of punctuation marks.

People who communicate only with the help of conversational styles, can make gross mistakes in the field of spelling and punctuation.

Orthoepic norms

The qualities of good speech in the field of orthoepy are encountered in carriers of an elitist type of communication.

If they use accentuations in words not in accordance with the codified norm, then only because the usual rules of pronunciation for a particular word are generally accepted. Over time, such norms become official.

Mistakes are more rude in the speech of representatives of the medium-literary type of communication. Such people can violate both orthoepic and formative norms. And later such distorted expressions are transmitted by people to each other in communication.

At times at carriers of colloquial type of speech of similar errors even it is less, than at the previous group of people.

Lexical and stylistic norms

It is difficult to determine the permissible boundaries for utterances from the point of view of vocabulary and stylistics. This is due to the disputable expediency of using, for example, expressive words.

The admissibility of the use of certain words must be determined from the position of the style of the text and its genre.

For example, there is even a dictionary of slang expressions. However, the presence of such statements in speeches at official meetings will be unacceptable. Sometimes in rare cases such jargon is used for the emotional coloring of speech. But it should be done with great care.

Taking into account the quality of good speech, you can improve your manner of communication. It should be expedient and take into account the conditions of the environment. The speech should be understandable and effective both for the addressee and for the addressee. It forms a thought, a person's consciousness. Increase the culture of communication will help to study the fundamental sources of information, the development of world literature and art. Do not take information from questionable, untested sources. A person must improve. In the field of his speech, this is simply necessary.