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The city is ... The structure of the city and its division into districts

What is a city? What is its structure? And what names do cities usually refer to? For all these questions, you will find the answer in our article.

The city is ...

The first cities on the planet began to appear about ten thousand years ago. They arose on the shores of the seas or large rivers (Danube, Dnieper, Euphrates). In some of them lived up to 5-10 thousand people (as, for example, in the prototypes of Trypillian culture).

The city is a relatively large population center, whose population is mainly employed in industry or the service sector. Why relatively? Yes, because the world does not have a single framework (by area or population), according to which, one or another locality could be attributed to the city. So, in Denmark the city can be considered a village, in which there are only 250 people. But in Japan such a status can get a village with a population of not less than 50 000 inhabitants.

In a historical context, a city is a village that is distinguished by a specific list of characteristic features. Among these are the availability of trade and administrative facilities, stone buildings and fortifications, weapons and military equipment. In ancient times, cities were often surrounded by a palisade, earthen or stone fortifications.

The study of various aspects of urban life deals with special science - urban studies. But the device, the structure of the city is more interested in discipline called town planning.

Structure of the city

Perhaps the most important element of any city is the network of its streets and routes of communication. The quarters of residential buildings, business districts and industrial facilities are being punctured on it.

Any city, as a rule, consists of several functional zones. It:

  • Residential;
  • Industrial;
  • Recreational;
  • Zone of administrative, commercial and financial institutions.

Each of these zones is distinguished by its characteristic type of development.

Any urban settlement has its borders. This is a line that is drawn on maps and fixed legally. The city, as a rule, grows from the center to the periphery, in the direction of its main radial roads. Over time, it can even absorb suburban villages, towns and even other small towns.

What are the cities called?

Every city, like a person, has a name. Science, which studies the names of settlements, is called toponymy.

Below are listed the most popular ways of forming urban names. So, most often they come from:

  • Names of their own outstanding personalities (for example, Washington, Khmelnitsky, Kirov, San Francisco);
  • Names of nearby rivers, often with the addition of a prefix-on- (Moscow, Lensk, Volgograd, Frankfurt am Main, Rostov-on-Don);
  • Geographical features of a specific territory (Pyatigorsk, Zelenograd, Krivoy Rog, Rivne);
  • Names of professions or crafts (Rybinsk, Nefteyugansk);
  • From old city names, through their specification (New York, Novomoskovsk, Verkhnedneprovsk).

City in the Russian space

What does a typical Russian city look like? And what features does it differ from others?

The cities of Russia, focusing in themselves about 73% of the total population of the country, occupy only 2% of its territory. Most often they are scattered over the vast plains of the state and are connected by motorways or railways. Significantly increased the number of citizens in the era of industrialization, when former villagers were actively moving to cities, in search of a safe and carefree life. And in some cases the villages themselves turned into cities, without changing even their names. So, in modern Russia there are urban settlements with explicitly rural names (Seltso, Alekseyevka, Kozlovka).

Today within the Russian Federation there are 1113 cities.

New cities of Russia

In Russia there are very ancient cities, with a long history (the oldest is Derbent in Dagestan). And there are also quite young ones, those that were founded no more than a hundred years ago.

Under the "new city" in the post-Soviet space is often meant a settlement that appeared on maps in the second half of the twentieth century (after World War II). As a rule, such cities were created as industrial and narrow-profile ones.

In Russia, there are at least fifty so-called new cities. The most famous of them are Novy Urengoy, Nefteyugansk, Novovoronezh, Nizhnekamsk, Zhigulevsk.

Concept of the urban area

Large cities can also be divided into smaller administrative units. This practice is common in the post-Soviet space.

Districts of the city can usually be found in cities with a population of over 200 thousand people. At the time of the collapse of the USSR, there were 143 such settlements.

In modern Russia there are more than 300 city administrative districts. Examples of such cities are Moscow, Barnaul, Vladivostok, Samara, St. Petersburg and others. In some of them the districts of the city were renamed into districts (for example, in Arkhangelsk, Kursk, Belgorod, Kaluga).

Finally...

The city is a relatively large population center (primarily in terms of population), with developed industry, services, infrastructure and high-rise buildings. Cities can vary greatly in size, population, configuration, and in the functions they are called upon to perform.

In Russia there are 1113 cities. Among them there are very ancient ones (for example, Bryansk, Onega, Suzdal), and at all the young cities that were founded in the 20th century (Novovoronezh, Kaspiisk, Sayansk and others).

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