Temporary method of stopping bleeding - arterial and venous

In cases of injuries and other damage to the vessels, a temporary method of stopping bleeding is used. The goal is to stabilize the victim's condition, stop the loss of blood and make it possible to transport the patient to the hospital for medical assistance.

Types of bleeding and ways to stop

The method of stopping bleeding is chosen depending on which vessels are damaged, their location on the body, how quickly blood loss occurs. According to the nature of the damage,

• Venous.
• Arterial.
• Capillary.
• Mixed.

Based on clinical data, a temporary method of stopping bleeding is used:

• Pressing bandage.
• Pressing the damaged vessel with your fingers.
• Circular compression - the application of a hemostatic tourniquet or twist.

Consider the two most common types of vascular damage, life-threatening - arterial and venous bleeding.

Signs of arterial bleeding

The application of a tourniquet is the most effective temporary method for stopping bleeding from the arteries of the extremities. But this method is quite traumatic, since it completely stops the blood circulation in tissues located below the site of application and, if misused, can lead to serious complications. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between arterial and venous bleeding.

If the artery is damaged, the following symptoms are observed.

• The color of the blood is bright red, scarlet, saturated.
• The blood flows out in jerks, which corresponds to cardiac contractions. When the main artery is damaged, the trickle literally beats the fountain.
• The blood loss is very fast. Without providing emergency assistance, the victim can receive a hypovolemic shock within a few minutes. If the bleeding is not stopped, then the lethal outcome occurs in 5-10 minutes.

How to stop arterial bleeding

There are several methods, most often they are combined. The fastest temporary way to stop bleeding from the artery is to press the vessel with your finger against the protrusion of the underlying bone above the wound site. After that, prepare all the necessary materials and apply a tourniquet or twist. These are the most effective ways to temporarily stop arterial bleeding on the vessels of the extremities.

If the lateral branch of the main artery is damaged, a pressure bandage may be used.

Pressing the container with your fingers

These methods of stopping arterial bleeding are used when the following vessels are damaged:

• Sleepy artery.
• Femoral artery.
• Subclavian artery.
• Axillary artery.
• Brachial artery.

With the thumb or four fingers of the hand, the vessel is pressed against the protuberance above the area of damage. Pulse below the pressure point should be absent. You need to know the points in advance by training yourself or your partner.

• The sleepy artery is pressed against the spine to the side of the larynx.
• The femoral artery is pressed against the projection of the hip bone in the inguinal fold, wrapping the limb root with both hands.
• The subclavian artery is pressed down, maximally winding the thumb for the clavicle.
• The humerus is pressed against bleeding from the lower third of the shoulder and below. The pressure point is the inside of the shoulder under the biceps.

It is important to remember that finger compression is difficult to perform for a long time. Therefore, after stopping bleeding, put a tourniquet or, in its absence, twist with the use of improvised means.

Methods of circular squeezing

With this method, all the vessels are squeezed by the soft tissues of the limb. Blood supply below the site of application completely ceases. Applying the methods of temporary stopping external bleeding by circular squeezing of the limb, it is important to follow the basic rules.

• Apply a tourniquet in a strictly defined place, otherwise the nerves of the limb can be damaged. Try to do this as closely as possible to the wound, but without touching the damaged tissue.
• Do not apply a tourniquet in case of inflammation in the place of application.
• Control the duration of application of the bundle. It is no more than 1.5 hours in winter and 2 hours in summer. Attach a note indicating the exact time of the imposition, fixing it on the victim's clothes or directly under the harness.
• It is forbidden to cover the tourniquet with clothing or a bandage. It must be visible.
• To prevent injury to soft tissues, a bandage, a piece of cloth or other soft material is placed under the harness.

Place for overlap:

• Middle of the lower leg.
• Lower third of forearm.
• Upper third of the shoulder.
• Just below the middle of the thigh.
• Limb root with fixation to the trunk.

Wire harness technique

Methods of temporary stopping external bleeding from the arteries of the extremities with the help of a tourniquet are carried out in the following order.

1. Place a soft material under the tow.
2. Stretch the tourniquet, tighten the first coil tightly, the subsequent loosen. Bleeding should immediately stop after applying the first coil, the pulse is below absent. With insufficient compression, venous stasis will develop and the limb will turn blue.
3. When superimposed on the limb root, a roll of bandage is placed under the tourniquet in the armpit or in the inguinal crease to ensure that the artery is pressed down against the bony protrusion. The tourniquet is imposed by the "eight" to prevent it from sliding down.
4. Make about three turns and fix the tourniquet.
5. The limb is immobilized.

If more than 2 hours have passed since the application, the tourniquet should be weakened for 15 minutes without removing it from the limb. At this time, the artery is squeezed with a finger. Re-burn is placed in place slightly higher than the previous and for a shorter period. When the harness is re-applied, the Hersh-Zhorov method can be applied. With this method, the opposite side of the limb is put against the counter-wooden tire. The blood circulation is thus partially preserved. The same method is used to apply the harness to the carotid artery. As an anti-support in the absence of a tire, use the injured person's hand on the opposite side, lifting it up.

In the absence of a standard bundle, a rubber tube is used. You can also squeeze the limb by applying a twist. A strip of durable material, a scarf, scarf, trouser belt is placed on the appropriate place, tied and stapled with the help of a stick until the artery is compressed and the hemorrhage stops. The stick is fixed to the limb with a bandage.

Signs of bleeding from the vein

The methods of temporary arrest of bleeding from the vein are different from those in case of damage to the artery. Bleeding from the vein is characterized by the following symptoms.

• The blood flows out in an even trickle.
• The color of blood is dark, cherry.
• The intensity of bleeding is less than with damage to the artery, but without assistance in the violation of the integrity of large veins also possible significant blood loss, a drop in blood pressure and death from hypovolemic shock.

Methods of stopping venous bleeding

With extensive damage to the venous vessels of the limb, it is possible to apply the tourniquet according to the same principles as in venous bleeding. In other cases, a pressure bandage is applied or the limb is bent.

Methods of stopping venous bleeding by using a pressure bandage:

1. Temporarily squeeze the vein, pressing it with your finger or pulling the limb with a bandage.
2. To the wound, apply a cotton-gauze swab or a piece of tissue (cotton, linen) and tightly bandage.
3. The finiteness is fixed.

To press a vein and stop bleeding it is possible, having applied a method of a flexion of a limb. In the place of folding a thick roller of cloth or bandage is laid, the limb is maximally bent and fixed in this position with the help of a strip of fabric, belt, bandage.

Methods for temporary stopping bleeding are used for traumatic damage to the arteries and veins. The injured person is provided with first aid, stabilizes the condition and is transported to the hospital, where surgical methods for restoring vascular integrity are used.