PSO -1. Sniper rifle PSO - 1. Sniper optics

The optical sight is an integral part of the sniper. This device is indispensable for convenient, fast and accurate shooting. Only it allows you to reach the target at very remote distances. Thanks to the presence of aperture and the possibility of increasing the image with an optical sight, it is possible to effectively fire not only for distant targets, but also for very small, unobtrusive or even masked ones that can not be struck with the naked eye.

Appointment

The properties of sniper's sights allow to shoot with a high result even under unfavorable lighting, as well as with reduced visibility. The sufficient light intensity combined with the magnification of the sight makes it possible to shoot not only in the twilight, but even in the moonlight, and also to observe the battle, finding targets and determining the distances to the targets.

The PSO-1 optical sight is designed for firing at well-disguised and small-sized targets. It is installed on the standard fastening, adopted in the Warsaw Treaty countries and referred to as the "swallowtail".

There are a lot of models of weapons that can be used to install PCO-1:

• SVD, TKB-0145K, IED and other sniper rifles if they have a side mount;

• BSS and VSK-94 - special rifles;

• TSV-1 - training rifles;

• Carbines "Tiger", "Saiga", "Sable";

• special machines "Val" 9A-91, etc .;

• Kalashnikov assault rifles and machine guns.

Characteristics

The PSO-1 sight has the possibility of a four-fold apparent magnification with an angular field of view of six degrees. The diameter of his exit pupil is six millimeters with a lens of 24 mm. The weight of the sight is 620 grams, and the resolution limit reaches twelve arc seconds.

Device

PSO-1, the instruction of which describes in detail its technical characteristics and components, looks like a telescope, on which there are mechanisms for setting angles for aiming, as well as for taking into account lateral corrections. The device consists of a body, as well as an ocular and objective tubes.

On the outer part there is a mechanism for the angles of sight, making corrections for the range of fire, including the vertical, the flywheel and the distance scale, inscribed every hundred meters.

Optics PSO-1 and its aiming strands are located inside the device. In old samples, such as PU, PE or PB, the grid was formed by steel elements. It was a sighting stump and side lining threads. In modern PSO-1 metal components are replaced by an aiming grid applied to the surface of the lens. Optics, in turn, consists of an objective that works with a wrapping system and an eyepiece, which together with the frames are fixed in the sight. The rotating lenses can move along the axis as the dioptric ring rotates. It is through this that the maximum clarity for visibility is achieved.

Mechanical part

The PCO-1 is designed to connect all the parts on the rifle. On its bracket provides an emphasis, grooves, as well as a clamping screw with a handle, a slider with a spring and, finally, an adjusting nut. Also to the body are attached indices or indicators of the sight settings, as well as lateral corrections with the lens cap.

The upper flywheel is intended for mounting the sight, and the left or right handwheel is used to introduce corrections. On the device they are the same. On top of each of them there are three holes: the middle is for the connecting screw, and the two extreme ones are needed for the locking screws. With the spring washer, the handwheel is held in the desired position.

Lighting device

It is designed to illuminate the grid of the PSO-1 sight during firing at dusk or at night. The device consists of a housing on which there is a contact screw, batteries - a current source, a cap with a spring for pressing the battery to the screw, wires for connection to the light bulb by means of a toggle switch. The battery is installed in such a way that its central electrode is connected to the screw, and the side electrode to the housing, for which the contact plate bends over the edge, after which a cap is put on it.

Components

Sight PSO-1 is equipped with a rubber eyecup, designed not only for the correct installation of the eye, but also for the convenience of aiming. In addition, it successfully protects the eyepiece lenses from inevitable contamination or damage.

A retractable lens hood is necessary to protect the lens in inclement weather from snow or rain falling on it, as well as from direct sun rays during shooting and excluding the unmasking gleams that the sniper can expose.

Optical system

It consists of an eyepiece, a carriage, a wrapping system, a sighting grid, a fluorescent screen, a window with a light filter and an objective that is necessary to obtain an inverted or reduced image of the object of observation. It consists of three lenses, with two - glued.

Sight PSO-1, the instruction to which is necessarily attached at purchase, has a wrapping system designed to give the image a direct normal position. It, in turn, also consists of lenses, which are four pieces, and they are glued together in pairs.

The aiming grid, which is necessary for aiming, is made on a glass fixed in a movable carriage. And the eyepiece is intended for viewing the object of observation in an enlarged image. A fluorescent screen is needed to detect infrared light sources. In PSO-1, this is a thin plate of special composition, laid between two panes. It has a window with a filter for charging, and a checkbox for switching. In this case, the horizontal position - when recharging the screen, as well as for shooting under normal conditions, vertical - to observe and defeat the target, which reveals itself with its infrared radiation. At the site of infrared rays , a glow appears on the surface of the screen, depicting the source as a round spot of a greenish hue.

Mounting and dismantling of the sight

To install on the weapon, you need to insert the PCO-1 into the seat, and then apply the handle of the clamping screw away from you. On the SVD modification rifles, even after the installation of the optics, the possibility remains for the use of a mechanical sight, since they do not overlap each other.

The sniper rifle PSO-1 is easily removed from the rifle and just as seamlessly attached to it, and without any distortion in the quality of the firing. In order to disconnect the device, it is necessary to pull the handle of the clamping screw, and then remove it from the "swallowtail" in the direction of the butt.

Introduction of amendments

In range, you need to put the upper handwheel on the necessary division, which corresponds to a given distance. Horizontally the outset should be untwisted to red numbers. If the grid goes to the left, the bullets will go in the opposite direction. If you focus on black numbers, then vice versa.

Lateral corrections for moving targets and for winds are produced by rotating horizontal flywheels. On the scale, divisions are marked with a plus sign for the right correction and with a minus for the left. And always in each direction for ten divisions with the numbered fifth and tenth position. Each of them corresponds to a thousandth of the distance.

Replica PSO-1

Manufactured in a factory in China. Its body is made of aluminum. The sight is completely, including the mounts, qualitatively painted with rubberized paint and has a red grid illumination. It is anti-reflective coating. The replica, like the original, is equipped with rangefinder grids, which allow to make approximate estimates of the distance to the target. In addition, it is equipped with a backlight, which makes it possible to aim at even the darkest night. The sight well becomes on SVD and SVU, and also on the airsoft series AK. He has only one drawback. Replica PSO-1, unfortunately, does not sit on the rifles of the Russian manufacturer of AS "VAL" and BCC "Vintorez".

Aiming

The aiming point is the top of the main square, where the bullet "falls". The field is clean and strictly delineated at the edges. A sighting device with a target image is located in the focal plane on the lens, so the sniper's eye adapts only one distance. Removing the exit pupil ninety millimeters from the lens of the eyepiece allows you to shoot both in glasses and in a gas mask, while ensuring safety from the return of the rifle.

With a proper aiming the eye should be located strictly on the optical sighting axis. This means that the visual field should be very clean, and its perimeters - strictly outlined: without shadows on the edges or any moon-like dimming. Otherwise, the bullets will go to the side, and the opposite is even to the slightest deviation and quite far from the point of sight.

In this case, the eye should be placed from the eyepiece at a distance such that the visual field will be viewed completely, in full size, no further and no closer from this optimal parameter.

Shooting

The process of shooting with an optical sight, including with PSO-1, is much more difficult than some might think. This is quite a difficult process. Being tempted by the information about the excellent characteristics of the aiming optics, some dilettante try to mount the sight with the greatest magnification on their weapons. And often, unfortunately, it turns out that with optics they shoot much worse than openly. This happens for the following reason. The higher the magnification of the sight, respectively, the more the target "jumps" in the visual field, which means that it will be harder for it to "catch". At the same time, the shooter tries harder, "resting", and since the natural pulsation in the body only strengthens the process, then after aiming the target moves even more.

Shoot with large magnifications of the sight in the state of only experienced snipers, the specifics of the work in which allows the use of the abutment. It can be, for example, arrows that sit in a fixed ambush, or members of anti-terrorist groups. Even snipers who work in mobile groups can not afford such a luxury.

Equipment

To each sight a carrying bag and a cover are applied. There also includes winter grid lighting devices, oil can and spare batteries. In the bag there is a special pocket for the optical sight, there you can store stores, there is a place for the cheek butt as well as napkins and light filter. The cover serves to protect against snow, rain and dust when it is mounted on a rifle.