Systemically important banks: list. Systemically important banks of Russia

Banks as a kind of commercial organizations, on the one hand, play an important role in the economy of the country, and on the other hand, in case of manifestation of crisis trends, may suffer the most by other negative factors. As a consequence, they can, in turn, become a burden to the national economy when emerging from the crisis. But in the power of the state - not to allow this. So, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation decided to form a list of the most stable financial institutions, better than others, protected from the impact of crises, and therefore able not only not to become a burden to the budget, but also to help the national economy out of the difficult situation in which it is currently . Which financial institutions are included in this list?

The essence of systemically important banks

Systemically important banks in Russia - what are these structures? This term refers to the largest credit institutions, which, by virtue of their compliance with certain criteria, are characterized as having great importance for the economy of the state. Such indicators may include the size of the bank's capitalization, the degree of its presence in the regions, and key figures reflecting the overall financial state of the structure.

At the same time, official criteria, at the level of legal acts, have not yet been adopted in the Russian Federation. Therefore, this or that list of systemically important banks - as, for example, published in July 2015 by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, is formed, mainly, proceeding from internal mechanisms of estimations of the regulator. Lists of relevant institutions can also be, for example, analytical agencies - such as RIA Rating.

The authorities' interests

However, there is evidence that the criteria for classifying banks as systemically significant in the foreseeable future can be fixed at the legislative level. This issue, as analysts say, is being worked out at various levels of consultations in the financial market of the Russian Federation. Banks of Russia classified as systemically significant - if we talk about lists published by the Central Bank, they can count on state support in case of crises - for example, if they have problems with liquidity. Thus, the authorities may be interested in maintaining the stability of credit and financial institutions due to the fact that they, in turn, contribute to ensuring the stability of the country's economy as a whole.

Regulator informs

It can be noted that in 2013 the Central Bank of Russia published an interesting document - draft guidance, in which the criteria for classifying banks as systemically significant were fixed. This source said that the list of systemically important banks in Russia can be formed based on the value of assets of institutions, the proportion of deposits, as well as the amount of money that is attracted from other financial organizations. Relevant recommendations were based on the criteria of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, as well as the advice of foreign experts. At the same time, financial indicators should be evaluated by the Central Bank, as follows from the provisions of the project, based on the results of the institution's activities for 3 years.

It is also known that in January 2014 the Central Bank issued an instruction based on the provisions of which it was intended to determine the list of systemically important banks. 2014, as some experts suggested, should have been taken into account in the aspect of estimating the indicators - therefore, during that period the corresponding list was not published. At the same time, there was an opposite point of view. Some experts suggested that the year in which the Central Bank publishes the first list of systemically important banks, 2014 in one way or another will be due to crisis trends and the need to determine the list of the most stable lending institutions. However, the Central Bank has formed an appropriate list of financial institutions only in July 2015.

Systemically important banks by CB version

Let us consider, therefore, what are the systemically important banks that are currently singling out the Central Bank. The list includes 10 large Russian credit and financial organizations.

Namely:

- Sberbank - the largest bank in Russia;

- VTB is the second-largest bank in Russia;

- Rosselkhozbank;

- Raiffeisenbank;

- UniCredit;

- Gazprombank;

- FC Otkritie;

- Rosbank;

- Promsvyazbank;

- Alfa Bank.

How do experts evaluate this list? Market analysts believe that the list submitted by the Central Bank and including systemically important banks is, in general, logical. Many specialists, in principle, even before the regulator compiled this list, assumed that the listed credit and financial organizations would enter it. At least because these institutions - the largest in Russia in terms of assets. In total, they accumulate about 60% of Russian banking capital.

Criteria from the Central Bank

It is expected that in the foreseeable future, the Central Bank will publish the criteria on the basis of which the systemically important banks were identified, the list of which we reviewed above. This was stated, in particular, by the representatives of the regulator in an interview with the media. It can be noted that some of the criteria are available to the public now - if you examine information from press releases of the CBR. Thus, in one of them it is said that from October 1, 2015 when determining systemically important banks, an indicator reflecting the values of short-term liquidity will be taken into account. However, the requirements for its magnitude will gradually increase. Initially, we will admit the figure of 60%, but already in 2019 it will have to be 100%.

It is also known that since 2016 the Central Bank will set requirements for capital buffers - also in accordance with the criteria defined by the Basel Recommendations. The corresponding figure as the mark-up to the base capital necessary to compensate for losses in the event of a crisis will have to be 0.625% for assets that are weighted by risk. Every year the criterion will become more stringent. By 2019, banks will have to provide a buffer of capital in the value of 2.5%.

Optimal representativeness

It can be noted that even in the instruction on which it was intended to identify systemically important banks in Russia, in 2014, it was said that in sum, the credit and financial organizations present in the list should include at least 80% of the assets of the Russian banking market.

In this regard, some experts have suggested that in the first list of systemically important institutions there will be about 50 organizations. Moreover, in an interview with the media, representatives of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in autumn 2014 reported that the corresponding status should be received by 19 banks, which in turn accumulate 70% of the capital on the national market.

Approaches to the evaluation of systemically important banks

So, we have studied some criteria for determining systemically important banks. The list of these organizations, compiled by the Central Bank, we also considered. What do the representatives of financial institutions and market analysts say about the expediency of forming an appropriate list and the principles for drafting it?

So, the point of view on which the status of a systemically important bank is widespread is not so much a preference as an increased responsibility. The credit and financial institution that received it must be ready to fulfill its obligations - related both to the solution of the state's internal economic problems and to participation in international communications. Representatives of the Central Bank emphasize that banks that are on the list of systemically significant ones should not unconditionally count on financial support from the state. The main role in helping to resolve possible problems arising in the institution, as noted by the top managers of the Central Bank, should be played by shareholders.

Criteria for classifying banks as systemic: assessing experts

What do experts say about the CBR criteria published so far, for which banks can be classified as systemically significant? Thus, analysts very positively assess the initiative of the Central Bank in the aspect of requirements for capital buffers. At the same time, many experts are interested in what considerations the Central Bank has established the indicators we have noted above.

According to a number of analysts, quality of management should be a significant criterion in assessing the sustainability of Russian credit and financial institutions. If the bank is headed by competent managers, it in any case increases its chances for successful overcoming of crises, as well as performance of those functions that are significant for the country's economy, experts believe.

Catch up with the leaders

The banks of Russia, which are listed by the Central Bank as systemically significant, are also intended to be a model for other, perhaps competing financial organizations, analysts say.

In principle, their credibility in the eyes of other participants in the Russian credit market is not in question, experts say, but for smaller organizations it would be nice to have an opportunity to see why large banks are successfully developing and are positively evaluated by the regulator. In this regard, the publication of the Central Bank of the full list of criteria for classifying credit and financial institutions as a system can be a significant incentive for improving the efficiency of the national banking system as a whole, analysts say.