HealthDiseases and Conditions

Symptoms, prevention, treatment of scarlet fever in a child at home with antibiotics, folk remedies

The initial signs of scarlet fever are very similar to colds. The child has fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting may start. And only after 1-2 days on the body crumbs there is a rash. The disease is dangerous by the development of complications. Therefore, it is very important to recognize symptoms in time and seek help from doctors. Only adequate treatment of scarlet fever in a child can protect the crumb from the development of unpleasant consequences.

Characteristics of the disease

Scarlet fever is a contagious disease, which is a special type of streptococcal infection. Such microbes are quite common and can provoke various pathologies. They are the culprits of rheumatism, angina. However, the most common disease is scarlet fever.

The most susceptible diseases are children from 1 to 16 years of age. At the same time, children who are more than 10 years old, according to doctors, have a high level of immune protection. Scarlet fever is extremely rare in infants up to a year. From the development of pathology, they are protected by persistent immunity, which is given to the newborn by the mother as a result of breastfeeding.

Scarlet fever is almost always accompanied by pain and inflammation in the throat, high fever. For a long time the ailment was considered a serious childhood pathology. Today, when the effective treatment of scarlet fever in children has been developed, the disease has ceased to be so dangerous. However, one should not forget that pathology can cause serious complications.

That is why it is necessary to understand what scarlet fever is in children. Symptoms and treatment, prevention of pathology - these are very serious issues, which we now consider.

Causes of development and ways of transmission

The main source that provokes the disease is the bacterium streptococcus. Penetrating into the body, it produces a certain substance - erythrotoxin. As a result of this impact, there are:

  • Rashes on the body and face;
  • sore throat;
  • Redness of tongue.

A great many varieties of streptococci are known. They have a number of similar elements in the structure, but at the same time they have differences. They differ in their ability to produce a certain type of toxic substance in the body.

After the disease, as a result of exposure to one of the types of bacteria, a person develops immunity. As a result of a collision with another type of streptococcus, completely different toxins arise. The immune system is again forced to fight them, producing new antibodies.

The main way of transmission is airborne. However, this is not the only possibility of infection. It is very important to remember how the disease spreads. Parents should know not only (if already developed scarlet fever in children) symptoms and treatment. Prevention of the disease implies strict avoidance of all factors of possible infection.

So, if we talk about the main ways of transferring scarlet fever, the following are distinguished:

  1. Air-drip (sneezing, coughing).
  2. Contact-household (items of care, toys, dishes and others).
  3. Nutritional (a crumb can get infected through contaminated products).
  4. Damage to the skin surface (sometimes with cuts and various injuries of the epidermis and even with surgical interventions, streptococcus can penetrate the body).

Classification

Demonstrates how scarlet fever is manifested in children, photos. Treatment is selected by the doctor depending on the symptomatology observed in the crumbs. Symptoms of scarlet fever can be quite diverse and primarily depend on a variety of pathology.

To date, there are several classifications of scarlet fever. Let's consider some of them.

According to the form of the pathology, the pathology can be:

  • Typical;
  • Atypical.

The latter, in turn, is divided into:

  • Erased form (no rash is observed);
  • Extrafarinating (extra-buccal), abortive;
  • Form with agravated signs (hemorrhagic, hypertoxic).

If we talk about the severity of pathology, there are:

  • Light;
  • Medium-heavy;
  • Heavy (septic, toxic, toxic-septic) forms.

In the course of the disease, the pathology can be:

  • Acute;
  • With allergic waves, complications;
  • Protracted;
  • Without allergic waves, complications.

Of course, each species has its own symptomatology. That is why doctors take into account the type of the disease in order to select the appropriate treatment for scarlet fever in a child in each specific case.

Characteristic symptomatology

Of course, for every parent who encounters such a disease as scarlet fever, signs and treatment in her children is the most acute and important issue. It was mentioned above that all the symptoms that arise in a baby depend on the variety of the disease. Therefore, consider the typical signs of pathology, characteristic of some types of disease.

Symptomatics of mild form

The most common kind. Often diagnosed is the mild form of scarlet fever in children. Treatment of the disease in this case occurs at home. This form is characterized by the following points.

  1. Sharp rise in temperature to 38.5 degrees. In this case, there are cases when the indicator of the thermometer indicates small deviations or remains normal.
  2. Minor or completely absent signs of intoxication. A crumb can experience a headache, lethargy, a single vomiting.
  3. On the body there is a small-point rash that has a pale pink color. Manifestations on the surface of the skin are uninhabitable and center around the natural folds of the skin.
  4. Hyperemia of the skin in a mild form.
  5. Painful discomfort in the throat is moderate enough.
  6. Typical language changes.
  7. Catarrhal angina in mild terms.
  8. Skin peeling, characteristic of pathology.
  9. Possible purulent and allergic complications.

In most cases, the mild form proceeds fairly quickly and without serious complications. The process of recovery is already on the seventh day.

Symptoms of a more serious type of pathology

The medium-heavy form of scarlet fever is characterized by the following symptoms.

  1. High temperature (can rise to 40 degrees).
  2. Baby can rave.
  3. There is repeated vomiting.
  4. The child is in an agitated state.
  5. A brittle rash of bright color persists on the surface of the skin for about 6 days.
  6. The child experiences severe painful discomfort in the throat.
  7. There are changes in the language characteristic of pathology.
  8. Tonsillar lymph nodes are enlarged.
  9. Lacunar tonsillitis is diagnosed . Sometimes, very rarely, follicular pathology can be observed.
  10. Presence of purulent or allergic complications.
  11. The rash is localized on the mucous membranes.

This is a rather complex form of pathology. Treatment of scarlet fever in a child requires mandatory medication. In this case, the acute period lasts 7 days. And for a final recovery, the crumb will take about 2-3 weeks.

Symptomatic of severe form

This is the most unpleasant kind of illness. Scarlet fever can occur in any of the following options.

  1. Toxic form. The child has pronounced symptoms of general intoxication.
  2. Septic. In this case, the baby is affected by certain tissues with necrotic processes. The oropharynx, tonsillar regional lymphonoduses suffer.
  3. Toxic-septic. The severity of a baby's condition is determined by local and general changes.

The severe toxic form of scarlet fever can be determined by the following features:

  • The disease has an acute onset, in which the temperature rises sharply (to almost 40-41 degrees);
  • Blurred consciousness;
  • Severe headaches;
  • Frequent vomiting, diarrhea;
  • Delusional state of the child;
  • Cramps are possible;
  • The tongue and lips are very dry, while the first is heavily coated;
  • Presence of symptomatic meningitis;
  • There may be an infectious-toxic shock, which manifests itself as a threadlike pulse, collapse, cold extremities, cyanosis;
  • On the third day of the disease there is a rash with hemorrhages;
  • Catarrhal angina;
  • Cyanosis on hyperemic skin.

Unfortunately, with this form, the risk of death is very high. Earlier death from such pathology occurred very often.

But today the disease often occurs in a mild form. Even a moderate pathology is rare. According to doctors, treating scarlet fever in children with antibiotics helps to avoid death and the risk of developing severe forms of the disease.

Methods of diagnosis

Before selecting the treatment of scarlet fever in children at home, it is necessary to make sure that the crumbs really have this pathology. A typical form of the disease does not cause any special difficulties, since this kind of scarlet fever has a rather characteristic symptomatology.

But if the pathology proceeds in an atypical form, it is difficult to recognize it correctly. In this case, the doctor resorts to the following diagnostic methods.

  1. Study of epidemiological data. Possible contact with infected people is being investigated.
  2. Bacteriological examination. The mucus from the oropharynx is examined for the presence of beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The analysis allows you to set its type.
  3. Immunofluorescent method. Study of mucus from the oropharynx.
  4. Serological examination. Serum is determined by the increase in the number of antibodies to a variety of streptococcal antigens.
  5. Immunobiological test. It allows to reveal the absence or presence of susceptibility of the organism to scarlet fever.
  6. Blood test. The development of pathology is indicated by leukocytosis of the neutrophil type.

In addition, it is very important to differentiate scarlet fever with those pathologies that have similar symptoms. It:

  • rubella;
  • measles;
  • Pseudotuberculosis;
  • Toxic and allergic condition.

What is dangerous disease?

From the foregoing, it is quite obvious that careful attention of parents and doctors deserves scarlet fever (symptoms and treatment in children). Complications of the disease are very serious, therefore it is extremely dangerous to engage in self-medication.

But with the recommendations of the pediatrician and timely treatment of unpleasant complications, there is almost no case.

Parents who depart from the prescribed treatment regimen can doom their babies to the development of the following consequences.

  1. Articular rheumatism.
  2. Streptococcal glomerulonephritis. This is a consequence of improper therapy, which can lead to kidney failure.
  3. Rheumatism of the heart valves.
  4. Chorea. This is a late allergic complication. It is characterized by brain damage.

The effects of toxins severely impair the functioning of the heart, kidneys. The child experiences shortness of breath, chest pain. He has low blood pressure and a weak pulse. In addition, pathological complications can affect the teeth, the upper layer of the skin.

Depending on the form and severity of the disease, the following complications can occur:

  • otitis;
  • phlegmon;
  • meningitis;
  • Mastoiditis;
  • nephritis;
  • Synovitis;
  • myocarditis.

The disease does not lead to infertility in boys or a decrease in potency. However, it is quite capable of reducing the protective mechanisms of the body and the general tone.

Treatment of the disease

Depending on the symptomatology and form of pathology, the pediatrician determines the need for hospitalization of the baby. With a mild form, scarlet fever is treated in children at home.

Doctors advise adhering to the following rules.

  1. The kid must be in a separate room. This will protect the rest of the family from the spread of the infection.
  2. Bed rest is observed in the early days of the disease, when the crumbs are particularly symptomatic.
  3. Wet cleaning is carried out regularly.
  4. Dishes of a sick kid should be thoroughly washed.
  5. Dietary nutrition is an important component of treatment. It must correspond to the age of the crumbs. Treatment of scarlet fever in a child of four years implies perfectly cooked food with a semi-liquid (ground) consistency. The diet should contain a warm drink in large quantities. Very useful lime tea.

Medication Therapy

It should be remembered that this pathology is a bacterial infection. Therefore, for effective and rapid recovery begins treatment of scarlet fever in children with antibiotics. Select the drug, the course of therapy and dosage should only the pediatrician, because the choice is based on the safety and effectiveness of the agent for each patient.

The following preparations are most preferable for streptococcal infection:

  • "Flemoxin-solutab";
  • "Amoxiclav";
  • "Amposide";
  • "Augmentin".

In the presence of an allergic reaction to penicillin antibiotics, the pediatrician will recommend macrolides:

  • "Hemomycin";
  • Wilprafen;
  • "Sumamed";
  • "Macropean".

Sometimes used cephalosporins:

  • Supraks;
  • "Cephalexin."

Along with antibiotic therapy, in the presence of high fever, children are recommended antipyretic drugs. Treatment of scarlet fever in a child of 5 years implies the use of drugs:

  • Efferalgan;
  • Nurofen;
  • Ibuprofen;
  • "Panadol";
  • The "Kalpol".

To senior guys (from 12 years old), you can use medicines to normalize the temperature:

  • "Nimesil";
  • "Aspirin".

In addition, it is important to remember that scarlet fever causes pain in the throat. Therefore, the pediatrician will definitely appoint a means to get rid of the inflammatory process on the tonsils. For such purposes, local antiseptics can be used. Only you should remember to take into account age limits, so as not to harm such treatment of scarlet fever in children.

Drugs used to irrigate the sore throat:

  • "Geksoral";
  • "Tantum Verde";
  • "Ingalipt";
  • "Cameton";
  • "Stop-Angin".

Favorable effect is provided by tablets intended for resorption, such as:

  • "Grammidine";
  • "Lizobakt";
  • "Faryngosept".

Since antibacterial therapy can disrupt the intestinal microflora, the children in the treatment regimen necessarily include drugs that normalize the system:

  • "Linex";
  • "Acipolus";
  • Biovestin-lacto;
  • "Bifido tank";
  • Lactulose.

Mandatory desensitizing drugs are prescribed:

  • Suprastin;
  • Zirtek;
  • "Dimedrol";
  • "Tavegil";
  • "Claritin."

If the disease is mild, it is possible to treat scarlet fever in children without antibiotics. However, this decision can only be made by a doctor, since with this pathology the risk of serious complications is very high.

Treatment with folk remedies

To combat scarlet fever, you can use the recipes that our grandmothers used. They help to protect against the development of complications and contribute to a significant mitigation of symptoms.

But it is important to remember that the treatment of scarlet fever in children by folk remedies is possible only after consulting a doctor. This avoids the occurrence of allergic reactions and protects the crumb from unpleasant consequences as a result of incompatibility of certain components.

The following methods of treatment are widely used.

  1. Application of black radish. A large root vegetable should be washed, then grind on a grater. Kashitsu spread on gauze. Such a compress should be applied to the throat and warmed from above with a woolen cloth. It should stay an hour at 3. It is recommended to put the compress twice during the day for 7 days.
  2. Use horseradish. The middle root is crushed. This ingredient is poured with warm water (boiled) in an amount of 1 liter. For 3 hours, the ingredients are infused. After mixing, the solution should be filtered. This product is intended for rinsing your throat. Preheating the necessary portion, the procedure should be performed about 5 times a day. Such treatment should last 10 days.
  3. Propolis and milk. Honey component (1 tsp) is finely chopped. A glass of milk should be added to it. The mixture is heated for 15 minutes in a water bath. The mixed formula should be consumed in small sips. The whole solution is recommended to drink at night. Before this procedure, it is necessary to rinse throat.

Prevention of pathology

So, how to protect the crumb from the disease? If scarlet fever was found in children, prevention and treatment are of paramount importance.

Against this infection vaccinations do not. Consequently, the only way to protect a baby from illness is to protect him from contact with sick people. But if communication has occurred, carefully monitor the state of health of the crumbs. And if you have the first symptoms, call a doctor.

However, even with prolonged communication with a sick person, not all children are infected. The body's defenses help to avoid scarlet fever. That's why doctors recommend:

  • Strengthen the immune system (proper nutrition, healthy lifestyle);
  • To use freshly squeezed juices, fruit drinks;
  • In periods of vitamin deficiency, take vitamin complexes (prescribed by a doctor).

Today, when an adequate therapy for scarlet fever is developed, this pathology does not endanger the life of the child. However, self-medication, like lack of therapy, can lead to serious complications. Protect your child from serious consequences!

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