Surgical operation, main stages and types of operations

Surgical operation in the Latin translation means a complex impact on the human body with a view to treating organs. It is a procedure of disconnection and connection of tissues, i.e. Is accompanied by an operating trauma.

Usually the process consists of several stages. They are as follows:

1. Operative access by exposing the diseased organ.
2. The surgical procedure at which the surgical procedure is performed.
3. The operative output, implying complex work on the restoration of tissue damaged by the intervention.

The effect on the human body can be temperature (cryosurgery, thermocoagulation, etc.), ultrasonic, electric current (for example, electrocoagulation), laser, radio frequency.

Types of Surgery

Operative interventions on the nature can be divided into radical, palliative, symptomatic.

Radical surgery should completely remove the cause of the disease (cholecystectomy with cholecystitis, for example).

In palliative interventions, the cause of the pathological process is partially eliminated, facilitating its course. They are carried out in those cases when the radical version is inexpedient for some reason.

Symptomatic surgery is performed to relieve the patient's condition. Performed when the first two are impossible. Often it complements radical treatment.

On urgency, surgical interventions can be urgent, planned and urgent. The purpose of the first is to save the patient's life, they are performed immediately after an accurate diagnosis is established. For emergency indications, for example, conicotomy is performed to restore airway patency or puncture of the pericardial sac with cardiac tamponade.

Scheduled surgical operation is performed after preliminary preoperative preparation or for organizational reasons.

Urgent is performed in the first hours after the patient's admission to the inpatient department.

Diagnostic surgical interventions are biopsy, puncture, laparocentesis, laparotomy and arthroscopy. Such operations can sometimes be dangerous for the patient. They are conducted in the event that there is no other way out.

Operation scheme

Initially, the indications are determined, during which a decision is made, what kind of it is needed. Then, possible contraindications that prevent surgical treatment are clarified. After that, it is important to select and prepare tools for this or that operation. Preparation of the patient, anesthesia is carried out, after which the surgical intervention itself occurs.

Medical workers adhere to certain requirements. They perform the following actions before and during the procedure:

• Shoe covers, a cap, a surgical mask are put in front of the entrance to the operating room;
• Preoperative hygienic washing and hand antiseptic;
• Surgical operation is performed in sterile gloves;
• Changing them as well as masks, takes place every three hours.