Specialized prosecutors. System of specialized prosecutors of the Russian Federation

Quite interesting and extremely important is such a body as the prosecutor's office. It unites in itself the whole system of various departments, which have their functions and tasks. In addition, specialized departments are envisaged in the structure of the prosecutor's office, which will be discussed later in the article.

The concept of the prosecutor's office

Before answering the question, what is the specialized prosecutor's office, it is necessary to understand what the concept is in general. It should be noted that this term characterizes the whole system of bodies with different functional tasks. Thus, the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation is a structured set of centralized authorities that oversee compliance with the provisions of the Constitution and laws. Specialized prosecutors, in turn, are organs of a special form of activity. In other words, they implement supervisory functions in certain sectors of social activity, as will be discussed later.

Structure of the Prosecutor's Office

In accordance with the current legislation, the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation is a single centralized system of special bodies. However, in its structure there are certain ramifications. An example of this is the territorial and specialized prosecutors.

The regulatory framework of these bodies is unified, but the functions are different. Nevertheless, the prosecutor's office is a hierarchical structure, which includes the following elements, for example:

- General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation.

- Prosecutors of the subjects of the federation.

- Similar bodies of districts and cities.

- The Military Prosecutor's Office.

- Specialized prosecutors.

- Educational institutions for training.

- Printed publications of the prosecutor's office.

Specialized Prosecutor's Offices

It should be noted that in view of the evolution of society, there are many specific areas of activity and state regulation. Accordingly, there is a need for supervision in these special segments. To this end, specialized prosecutors have been developed, which are entrusted with the functions of exercising control in the specific areas mentioned above. The emergence of such departments is also due to the lack of the principle of territorial distribution of control bodies. In other words, with such a system formation, some segments of society's life are not controlled in the most qualitative way. Therefore, specialized prosecutors are an integral part of the overall system mentioned in the article departments.

It should also be pointed out that the administrative and territorial distribution system of the prosecutor's office in most cases does not bring positive results. In other words, these departments carried out general supervision, but in their activities they missed some important points. In accordance with this, there was a need to control certain special areas of activity, as already mentioned earlier. Only in the latter case, emphasis is placed not on the territorial principle, but on the "point" distribution of the procuratorial organs of a specialized nature.

Adjacency of the work of general and specialized bodies

It should be noted that prosecutors general and specialized focus their activities adjacent. This is evident in the structure of functions of these departments. For example, general prosecutors implement the following main areas of their work, namely: overseeing the implementation of legislation by public authorities, overseeing the observance of human rights, overseeing the bodies conducting operational search activities, preliminary investigation, etc. In this case, specialized Bodies are also endowed with these tasks. But their legal regime is also conditioned by special departmental acts, which are published in the areas of work. Thus, specialized prosecutors in addition to the general legal "package" of rights and obligations, are also additional. In more detail, these features are traced in the analysis of their regulatory framework.

Normative regulation of specialized prosecutor's offices

It should be noted that prosecutors of a specialized nature implement their activities on the basis of a certain regulatory framework. First of all, in the regulatory system of these departments it is necessary to note the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This document plays a primary role, since it is the basis of the entire legal system of the state. The second, no less significant source of regulatory co-ordination is the Federal Law "On the Prosecutor's Office". It is in it you can find the provisions that regulate the very existence of specialized prosecutors in Russia. Interestingly enough, the fact that the law practically says nothing about the number of such departments and their immediate system. Thus, there is simply no precise regulation of the activities of specialized prosecutors. In their work they use the general provisions of the Constitution, its main principles and the corresponding subordinate law, namely: departmental regulations. It should be noted that the orders, instructions and instructions of the Prosecutor General play an important role in organizing the activities of the bodies mentioned in the article. They are the subordinate base of the functionality of specialized prosecutors.

Types of specialized bodies

There are various types of specialized prosecutors. Each of these bodies is entrusted with a range of tasks that are unique in nature, thanks to which supervision is carried out in special spheres of public activity. Specialized prosecutors include the following:

- transport;

- nature protection;

- to supervise the execution of laws in the implementation of punishments ordered by the judiciary;

- Office of Public Prosecutor on special regime facilities;

Specialized prosecutors also include the military. Although some theorists very often do not rank these departments as special, which is a deep delusion, as will be discussed later in the article.

Bodies on transport

It should be noted that the competence of specialized prosecutors is limited by the scope of their direct activities. In order to understand this issue in more detail, it is necessary to analyze certain types of such departments. Earlier the author has already indicated that the specialized prosecutor's offices of the Russian Federation contain in their structure bodies operating in the field of transport. Their powers include the following legitimate legal opportunities:

- checking the level of observance of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and citizen by all enterprises and organizations related to the transport sector;

- verification of compliance with and practical implementation of laws on traffic safety standards;

- bringing to justice those who committed crimes and other kinds of offenses that are officials of transport organizations;

- inspection of customs authorities.

Environmental Prosecutor's Offices

The system of specialized prosecutor's offices contains in its structure environmental protection agencies. They, in turn, carry out struggle against ecological offenses and bring to responsibility of the persons who have made similar negative acts. These specialized prosecutors also interact with international organizations and other law enforcement agencies with the aim of organizing a qualitative counteraction in the sphere of environmental security. In addition, the importance of the activities of the environmental prosecutor's office is that it ensures the implementation of constitutional norms. After all, the main law of the Russian Federation stipulates that every citizen has the right to live in a favorable and clean environment. Thus, the environmental or environmental prosecutor's office, as it is commonly called, plays a primary role in the field of environmental protection.

Military prosecutors

The Prosecutor's Office of the military character of the Russian Federation is one of the structural elements of the system of relevant departments. It is headed by a special official - the Chief Military Prosecutor. The main task of these departments is to oversee the observance of the rule of law and order in the system of the Russian armed forces. It should be noted that the military prosecutor's office has special status for several reasons. Firstly, in its jurisdiction are issues that are not typical for the "classical" bodies. After all, the function of prosecutors does not include control over the armed forces. Secondly, the employees of the department have not special ranks of advisers to justice, but military ones. In addition, it should be noted that military prosecutors are divided into districts and fleets. The structure of this department is an integral system of departments, departments and offices. In addition to general powers, employees of these bodies can freely enter the territory of military units, as well as monitor the legality of the detention of the military. Of great importance is the activity of the prosecutor in overseeing the observance of the rule of law in military units. To this end, an employee of the said agency has the right to appoint inspections and audits of an unscheduled nature.

Prosecutors for the supervision of the execution of sentences

There are such types of specialized prosecutors as the bodies for supervision of the execution of sentences and on special regime facilities. The organs of the first type ensure that during the immediate execution of punishments implemented on the basis of legitimate judgments, the legality is respected, and there are no violations of human rights and freedoms. That is, there is a direct regulation of the correct implementation of the punishment regime. It should be noted that the supervision in this case is not only sentenced by the penal institutions, but also by the process of their direct activities, as well as by the general features of the execution of criminal responsibility, in other words, bringing it to life!

Directions of activity of public prosecutors in the process of supervising the execution of sentences

It should be noted that the activities of specialized prosecutors on the supervision of the execution of sentences are implemented on the basis of orders of the Prosecutor General No. 19 and No. 237. These normative acts indicate that work in this area should be carried out with the aim of identifying, preventing and suppressing crimes in institutions related to the penal system. In accordance with this main tasks, the relevant prosecutors can carry out the following actions, for example:

- collect information on the state of law in the institutions for the enforcement of sentences;

- directly use the data obtained for further modernization of the entire supervision process;

- to examine complaints of persons who are in custody for the purpose of detecting crimes;

- to control the process of execution of the legislation of the criminal-legal sphere;

Prosecutors on the regime objects

The prosecutor's offices, which oversee the special regime facilities, also monitor the regime of compliance with the norms of the existing legislation. At the same time, they are subject to a special regime of activity. To a number of similar it is possible to carry far not all organizations operating today in Russia. The status of a "regime object" is regulated by certain legislative norms. With regard to prosecutorial control, it is carried out only at specific enterprises specified in the article type. Some of these include the following, for example:

- objects of special treatment;

- organizations and institutions belonging to the defense-industrial complex of the Russian Federation;

- enterprises that, in the course of their immediate activities, produce the exploitation of radiation and nuclear materials;

- enterprises and organizations in the system of conducting a medical and biological agency of the Russian Federation;

- Investigative departments of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, engaged in the implementation of preliminary investigation in the metro and on especially high-security facilities.

Conclusion

So, in the article we told what the specialized prosecutor's offices are, and how they relate to the general structure of the prosecutor's office. It should be noted that such departments are simply necessary in modern Russia. After all, they monitor the legality in specific spheres of society.