Spatial arts. Architecture as an art form. Types of art and their classification

Art is a creative process to create artistic images that reflect the real world in all its diversity. It is divided into separate species in accordance with the specifics of the material embodiment. Different types of art perform, in fact, one noble task - serve society.

Classification

Modern art criticism offers a certain system of classification of types of creative activity. The most common scheme is a conditional division of art into three groups.

The first group combines spatial forms of art that are perceived visually:

• Decorative and applied creativity.
• Art.
• Architecture.
• Art photography.
• Sculpture.
• Painting.

The second group includes art temporary, possessing a certain dynamics or stretched over time:

• Fiction.
• Music.

Since temporary art forms can under certain conditions change over to another category, it is necessary to take this into account. In some cases, literature is synthesized with music (libretto).

The third group includes spatio-temporal art forms, which are perceived both visually and by ear:

• Choreography, ballet, musicals.
• Theatrical art.
• Literary works.
• Cinema art.
• Circus genres.

Why are certain types of art needed?

The existence of different types of art is explained by the fact that it is impossible to reproduce a comprehensive artistic picture in a certain way. After all, something will necessarily remain "behind the scenes." Completely the picture can be reflected only with the involvement of all artistic means of culture in general.

Spatial arts

One of the most popular creative processes is arts and crafts.

The artistic value of products made from improvised materials is high, if crafts are made by genuine masters of their craft.

Decorative and applied art is the creation of artistic objects for domestic use, folkloric exclusives from natural materials. The use of wood, clay, stone and bone is accepted. In the manufacture of decorative products are used a variety of techniques for processing material.

The process of creating artifacts for applied purposes is focused on the ethnic characteristics of the country or region. In decorative and applied art, as a rule, people's crafts, representing local customs and traditions, dominate. In Russia it is:

• Painting on wood - Gorodets, Khokhloma, Fedoskino, Polhov-Maidan.
• Wooden carving - Abramtsevo-Kudrinskaya, Bogorodskaya.
• Miniature painting - Palekh, Kholui, Masterskaya.
• Russian folk ceramics are Gzhel, Skopinskaya, Kargopol and Dymkovo toys.
• Lacy weave - Vologda, Mikhaylovsky.
• Painting on the fabric - Pavlov Posad shawls, capes, shawls.
• Artistic metal products - Velikoustjuzhskoe scarlet silver, Zhostovo painting, Rostov enamel.
• Embroidery is Vladimir's goldsmith.
• The thread on the white bone is Kalkovsky, Kholmogorsky, Tobolskaya.

Sculpture - fine, spatial art, reflecting the world in artistic plastic images. The materials used in creating the sculptures are marble, bronze, stone, wood. Recently, others have been used, such as concrete and steel. And also plasticized materials. Particularly large sculptures are reinforced with metal rods, in order to avoid breakage.

Sculpture can be of two types: 3D and relief.

Three-dimensional repeats all the specified parameters and can be performed at any scale. Relief sculptures are divided into three types:

• High relief - high relief;
• Bas-relief - medium or low relief;
• Counter-relief - mortise.

Each type of sculpture has its own classification. It can be monumental, easel or decorative. Monumental is installed on the streets and city squares. And also in places of historical importance. Monumental sculpture includes memorials, monuments. Stank sculptures are museum exhibits. As a rule, they are located inside the premises. Decorative sculptural images can stand in apartment houses, in garden plots, in gazebos.

Architecture

Architecture appeared long before Christ and gradually began to acquire artistic features, while remaining a utilitarian structure. Architecture as an art form has spread since the beginning of the 13th century. It was then that the architects began to build grandiose Gothic structures on the territory of Europe. Gothic is still considered one of the most interesting styles of historical significance. Architecture as an art form occupies one of the leading places on the list of cultural heritage of the planet. At the same time, its artistic value is undeniable.

Plastic spatial arts

In the world of artistic disciplines, there are areas that require classification. These include spatial art forms with signs of plasticity. They are characterized by possible movement or transformation in a certain space. A masterpiece of architecture is considered plastic if it can be modified, expanded, and radically changed in terms of color. All this concerns only modern achievements of architecture - historical architectural structures are inviolable. The possibility of artistic transformation of an already finished work of art classifies it as a plastic kind. Similar criteria can be applied to other samples of a spatial character.

Theory and practice

At the same time, the signs of plasticity need not be supported by the possibility of any changes. For example, the art of painting does not need to be corrected, let alone transformed. The already created art paintings are finished works. Sculpture refers to plastic arts. Since it can supposedly be changed for the better. But this feature is purely theoretical in nature and is used to determine the system of classification of art forms. To the plastic types can be attributed any genre of artistic spatial creativity, except for photography.

Literature

Spatial-temporal arts are the most popular and popular in the society. Let us consider them in more detail.

Literature is a kind of art, in which the main bearer of meaning, as well as a source of creative inspiration, is the artistic word. A writer who is sufficiently proficient in the art of fiction uses his gift to create textual works. Literature as an art form can be divided into two categories:

• Artistic;
• Historical prose.

Literary genres

• Lyrics - artistic works, often in a poetic form, reflecting a variety of human experiences, including love.
• Drama is a literature that describes events in a narrative narrative, usually a whole story or individual events from the life of heroes.
• Tragedy is a work written in a dramatic genre, but with a deadly ending.
• The epic is an artistic narrative that reveals major historical events, the presentation is possible both in verse and in prose.
• Novella is a genre of small narrative form.
• The novel is a large work consisting of several parts, containing a description of the life of the main and secondary heroes in a certain period.
• The story is a literary genre, less of a novel by volume and by the number of characters.
• The story is a product of a small form with a description of events that occurred in a short time, more common and arbitrary in terms of composition compared with the novel.

Choreography and ballet

Another creative activity from the category "spatial arts" is choreography. It consists of artistically meaningful poses and movements of the human body, organized in space and time. It is a centuries-old system. Dance must necessarily be combined with music. In this case, a musical-choreographic image is created.

At all times, the dance was associated with the life of a person, imitated certain events. And on stage his mission was to show the public ballet art. In addition, dances are part of various rituals and rituals. Especially it is common on the African continent and in Asian countries.

Kinds of art, examples of which are given in this article, are somehow connected with global Russian culture and are called to carry it to the people.