HealthDiseases and Conditions

Sigmoid colon: diseases, pathogenesis, tactics of treatment

The sigmoid colon is a hollow organ in the terminal part of the large intestine, which is located on the left side of the abdomen. At the same time, medical data confirm that its bends can reach the right hypochondrium or the midline. This formation does not take an active part in the process of digestion, it only generates feces. In various diseases of the sigmoid colon, there are serious disruptions in the intestine, and they also affect the normal functioning of a number of located organs. Part of the disease (for example, malignant epithelial tumor of the sigmoid colon) leads to a threat to the life of the patient.

Sigmoid colon: inflammatory diseases

This group of diseases is positioned as an inflammation of sigma and is one of the varieties of colitis. Two forms of this pathology are defined: acute and chronic. Symptoms of acute sigmoiditis are pain in the iliac region, the color and intensity of the stool changes. The chronic form of this sigmoid disease is manifested by pain during defecation or after it, alternating diarrhea with constipation occurs. In very severe cases, patients complain of vomiting, nausea, bloating. This is a surgical symptomatology, since the main manifestation of inflammation is the intestinal obstruction. In the case when the inflammatory process of the sigmoid colon continues, there can be a fusion of the intestine with the adjacent organs.

For a structure like the sigmoid colon, the diseases are characterized by staging, and therefore include mandatory bed rest with exacerbation, adherence to a strict diet. The patient is prescribed spasmodic, sedative and antibacterial drugs, uses herbal tinctures. In the chronic stage, the severity of symptoms is not very pronounced. In this case, regardless of the shape of the sigmoiditis, it can be cured completely, and it is worthwhile to consult a doctor, because a constant inflammation is an etiological factor in the development of cancerous complications of a malignant or benign nature.

Sigmoid colon: diseases of disembriogenesis

This group of diseases is represented by diverticulosis. These diseases at a young age is very rare, but the main symptoms can manifest themselves to about 50 years. Patients are increasingly beginning to experience such abnormalities as stool retardation, a feeling of raspiraniya in the abdomen, flatulence. This disease greatly affects the functions of the intestine, in particular, this violates the natural passage of fecal matter. In the absence of timely treatment, abscess formation, purulent peritonitis, bleeding and other destructive processes may develop.

If the disease occurs in a lighter form then the patient should not be hospitalized. Quite enough treatment at home. Prescribe antibiotics, and it is recommended to drink more liquid. Also adherence to a strict diet and bed rest. If a positive result is not observed, the patient is sent to a hospital. The prognosis of treatment often depends on the severity of the illness and the age of the patient.

Sigmoid colon: diseases of the oncological nature

For such a structure of the human body as the sigmoid colon, pathologies are characterized by a peculiar etiology, which is especially true of oncology. The relationship with the constant presence of fluid depleted feces and sigma cancer is fully proved. Symptoms of this disease are abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, nausea, bloating.

Treatment of the disease is carried out after the delivery and verification of all tests and a complete examination of the patient. In the diagnosis, the main role is occupied by laboratory data and biopsy. All this is aimed at establishing the size of the polyp or adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon and the exact location. In addition to these frequent types of oncological pathologies, sigmoid colon diseases are classified due to the difference in sources of tumor origin. From the epithelial layer develops adenoma, and from the submucosa of the epithelial lining - the polyp of the sigmoid colon. Cancer treatment is carried out by both surgical and pharmacological methods. Chemotherapy is used as an auxiliary measure that helps to remove tumor cells.

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