Shchitovidka: signs of the disease, symptoms of violations

The number of diseases of the thyroid gland (in everyday life - "thyroid gland") is steadily growing every year. The causes of pathologies associated with a violation of the production of iodine-containing hormones can be different - from the influence of psychoemotional stresses to malnutrition and adverse environmental conditions. Let's find out what role in the life of a person is played by the thyroid gland, signs of the disease of this organ and diagnoses.

Thyroid gland in body system

The thyroid gland is the gland of internal secretion entering the endocrine system. The main function of the gland is to regulate and maintain the body's homeostasis. It is located in the trachea and has the appearance of two lobes connected by a short isthmus. The thyroid gland, whose signs of disease we consider below, has a different weight at certain age stages of a person's life. For example, during pregnancy in women, the enlarged thyroid gland is a natural phenomenon that passes through six months, a year after childbirth.

Hormones and thyroid

Symptoms of thyroid disease are often mistaken for symptoms of completely different pathologies. In addition, the disease can not function for a long time, and its symptoms are regarded as a general physical ailment. Why are the symptoms of thyroid disease so nonspecific? This is due to the fact that hormones synthesized by the thyroid gland take part in almost all processes of the body. In the tissues of the thyroid gland, there is a synthesis of iodine-containing and peptide hormones, which is impossible without the amino acid tyrosine. With her participation, as well as under the influence of molecular iodine and TPO enzyme, hormones calcitonin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine are produced in the epithelium.

The influence of hormones on body systems

These hormones are involved in the structure and maintenance of immunity, in metabolic processes, in the formation and breakdown of free radicals. In addition, the thyroid hormones maintain a normal body temperature, participate in the structure of new cells, the disintegration of old cells. Still hormones SHCHZ regulate the flow of oxygen into the cells, the oxidative process and the production of energy. They also directly affect the mental, physical and mental spheres of a person.

Thyroid: signs of disease

Diseases of the thyroid gland, depending on the nature of the pathology, can be divided into 3 categories:

- disorders caused by increased synthesis of hormones SHCHZ (thyrotoxicosis);

- disorders caused by reduced synthesis of hormones SHCHZ (gipoterioz);

- disorders that occur without a change in synthesis, expressed by deformation of the SCH (formation of goiter, nodes, development of hyperplasia).

With a lack of hormones (hypothyroidism), all metabolic processes slow down, which affects the formation of energy. This, in turn, leads to such consequences (symptoms):

- listlessness;

- drowsiness;

Weakness;

- fatigue;

- puffiness;

Memory impairment;

- weight gain;

- dry skin, brittle nails and hair.

In addition, it is regarded as signs of thyroid disease in women, menstrual irregularity, the onset of early menopause, and chronic depression.

With hyperfunction SHCHZ (increased number of hormones SHCHZ in the blood) there are classical signs:

- Irritability, quick temper;

- weight loss against a background of increased appetite;

- cardiopalmus;

Sweating, sleep disturbance.