HealthMedicine

Sex hormones: prolactin, progesterone, LH, FSH

Sex hormones affect not only reproductive health, but also the condition of the whole organism. Determination of their level in the blood is mandatory for cycle disorders, miscarriage, infertility and many other pathologies of the reproductive system.

These substances are very sensitive to various factors, so you must follow the rules of delivery. The day before you need to exclude sex, alcohol, smoking, strong physical activity.

The blood test for sex hormones is affected by stress, so he must give up in a state of complete emotional rest. The result can also distort some of the drugs. Therefore, if a person takes any medication, you need to consult a doctor.

Sex hormones are given on an empty stomach in the morning hours. In women, their level depends on the day of the cycle, so the time of the study should be agreed with the doctor. If there are no specific instructions, then the standard scheme is used.

Follicle stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland. The first of them is responsible for the development and growth of follicles. LH promotes the release of estrogen, affecting the ovaries. It also affects the yield of a mature egg and the appearance of a yellow body.

FSH is increased in the following cases:

  • Tumors of the pituitary gland;
  • Insufficient function of the ovaries;
  • alcoholism;
  • menopause;
  • X-ray radiation.

This leads to dysfunctional bleeding from the uterus. FSH decreases with obesity and PCOS (polycystic ovaries), against this background there may be no menstruation.

LH increases in the following situations:

  • PCOS;
  • Tumors of the pituitary gland;
  • Ovarian exhaustion;
  • starvation;
  • Emotional stress;
  • Intensive sports loads.

LH decreases with obesity, pregnancy, impaired pituitary function, genetic diseases. Its lack leads to the absence of ovulation and, consequently, infertility.

Progesterone is produced mainly in the ovaries, a small amount is secreted by the adrenal glands. Up to 16 weeks of pregnancy, it is synthesized in the yellow body, and then in the placenta.

Progesterone prepares the uterine mucosa for implantation of the embryo, and further prevents its rejection. It also stimulates its growth and affects the nervous system, preparing it for bearing pregnancy and childbirth.

Insufficient amount of progesterone can cause infertility, miscarriages, cycle disorders. Menstruation is sometimes absent. Progesterone is not enough in the following situations:

  • Chronic inflammation in the reproductive system;
  • Absence of ovulation;
  • Inferiority of the yellow body.

It rises in pregnancy, adrenal gland or ovarian tumors. In this case, there may be a violation of the cycle and uterine bleeding.

Prolactin is synthesized by the pituitary gland. Its main task is the development and growth of mammary glands, as well as lactation. With a high concentration of prolactin, the release of FSH is suppressed.

Prolactin increases with the following conditions:

  • lactation;
  • pregnancy;
  • Impaired function or swelling of the pituitary gland;
  • Hypothyroidism (decreased thyroid function);
  • PCOS;
  • Autoimmune diseases (eg, rheumatoid arthritis);
  • Kidney failure.

This leads to the allocation of colostrum or milk from the breast, the cycle is broken, there may be no menstruation and ovulation, infertility occurs. A low level of prolactin may be a consequence of pituitary insufficiency.

Globulin, which binds sex hormones, is responsible for transporting progesterone, estradiol and testosterone to target organs. When it decreases, the effects of these substances are enhanced by the increase in their freely circulating lobes at normal reference values. The effect of androgen increases more.

It is usually recommended to determine all sex hormones. Because they are related. Deviation from the norm of one hormone entails a change in the concentration of others. Therefore, only a qualified gynecologist-endocrinologist will be able to discover the true cause of the violations and prescribe a treatment.

So, sex hormones, first of all, affect the reproductive function and the reproductive system. They are interrelated, so it is desirable to determine the number of all at once. Understand the results can only a competent specialist.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 en.birmiss.com. Theme powered by WordPress.