A person's foot is the part of the human body that distinguishes the upright people from primates. Every day, it has a huge load, so the vast majority of people in one way or another has problems associated with it. The human foot is constantly influenced by several factors: physical activity, general health, occupation, pressure of shoes. All of them can lead to diseases of this body.
To understand how it is possible to reduce the negative impact of various factors affecting the health of the lower extremities, it is necessary to study what the human foot consists of. This organ includes joints and bones; Tendons and ligaments; nerves; Muscle; blood vessels. The human skeleton consists of 26 bones grouped into 3 sections: proximal (tarsal, talus, navicular, heel, cuboid, intermediate, medial and lateral sphenoid bones), metatarsus (consisting of five short bones located between phalanx and tarsus), fingers (14 bones that make up the segments (phalanges)). It is noteworthy that the thumb has 2 phalanges, and all the rest - 3.
The anatomy of the human foot is due to our ability to walk on two legs. What is this body? Its bone base is the talus bone, tightly connected to the tibia. They form the ankle joint. The main burden of body weight is on the heel and metatarsal bones. Five metatarsal bones connect with the phalanges of the fingers. The skeleton of the foot is connected by ligaments that are responsible for the integrity of the joints. An important role is played by tendons, which unite muscles with bones. Strength and elasticity of these tissues attached collagen fibers, which are intertwined with each other in the form of a rope. The most important tendon of the foot is the so-called "Achilles", which is a continuation of the gastrocnemius muscle. It is attached to the heel bone. It is this that allows a person to climb on their toes and bend their feet. The tendon that extends from the posterior tibial muscle provides turns inside, supports the arches of the foot. Small ligaments connect the bones. Some of them form a capsule surrounding the joint articular parts of the bones. It is filled with joint fluid.
The human foot includes a multitude of muscles: soles, back, interplus. Among them there are flexion and extensor. In their thickness there are nerves, the main one of which is the tibial. Descending from under the inner ankle, he appears on the foot. This nerve provides movement of a large number of foot muscles, gives it sensitivity. Well, and for the blood supply of this organ, there are two arteries: the tibial and anterior tibia. One of them passes in the sole and divides there into two branches. The second (front) runs in front of the foot, forming an arc. Venous outflow is carried out by means of two superficial (large and small subcutaneous) and two deep veins (posterior and anterior tibial).
In the human foot there are special "vaults". It is built as an elastic arch, ending with fingers and heel. The bones of the foot are made up of two arches - transverse and longitudinal. In a healthy person, the load on the lower extremity is distributed evenly and in accordance with the phases of the step or run. The person's foot rests on the floor behind (calcaneal tubercle) and in front (metatarsal bones), which provides her with good spring properties.