Scientific and industrial intersectoral complex. Interindustry complex is ...

Interindustry complex is a special integration structure. In its framework, the interaction of different industrial sectors, activities. They are focused on the performance of any functions in the production and distribution of products. Next, let us consider in more detail which intersectoral complexes exist.

General information

Interindustry complex is a structure that can be formed within a separate industrial segment. It, in turn, stands out against the others in accordance with the general division of labor. So, within the industry there are machine-building, fuel-energy, metallurgical and other inter-industry production complexes.

The largest segments

There are various interbranch complexes in the country. However, the largest of them are allocated. In particular, they include:

• FEC.
• AIC.
• A set of industries for the production of chemicals and structural materials.
• Mechanical engineering.
• Military-industrial complex.

Brief description of the most important sectors

The fuel and energy interindustry complex includes an integrated system of shale, peat, coal, oil, gas, heat and electric power, sectors for the production of energy and other types of equipment. They are united by a common goal, aimed at meeting the needs for fuel, electricity, heat. The agroindustrial interindustry complex includes various sectors of the economy that are heterogeneous in their direction . In particular, it includes the food industry, engineering for it, the release of funds for plant protection, mineral fertilizers, veterinary drugs. It also includes such sectors as agriculture, construction of industrial facilities, including water management and reclamation, agricultural machinery. The main task of the agroindustrial complex is the provision of food for the country.

Classification

Interindustry economic complexes are conditionally subdivided into functional and target ones. The selection of the latter is based on the criteria for participation in the education of the final product. The fundamental principle for their isolation is the reproducing principle. To this category of target segments include mechanical engineering, fuel energy, agro-industrial complex. It also includes transport and mineral-raw material interindustry complexes. Separation of functional sectors is carried out in accordance with the principle of specialization for a particular function. This category includes scientific and technical, investment and infrastructure complexes. Let's consider in more detail the inter-branch complexes of Russia.

Investment sector

This intersectoral complex consists of production, erection of structural materials, engineering. The purpose of this sector is to put into operation objects related to fixed assets. This intersectoral complex is involved in the technical re-equipment, expansion and upgrading of the capacity level. Within its framework, the objects are being reconstructed.

Scientific interdisciplinary complex

There are two sectors in it. In particular, its composition includes science and the labor process itself, which ensures the output of products. This form is designed to increase the speed of developing innovations and effectively implementing them in practice. This intersectoral complex includes research institutes, technological organizations, design offices and other enterprises of this focus.

TEK

This interindustry complex is a complex system of extraction and production of energy and fuel, their transportation, distribution and consumption. The development of the fuel and energy complex has an impact on the scale, technical and economic indicators and the dynamics of industry. At the same time, the approach to energy and fuel sources is one of the key requirements for the territorial organization of production. However, from the position of the national economy, the existing allocation of resources is irrational. The main energy consumers occupy the European part of the country, while about 80% of the geological reserve is concentrated in the eastern region. Transportation costs contribute to an increase in the cost of the final product. The fuel and energy complex fulfills the district-forming task. In the immediate vicinity of the sources a powerful infrastructure is developed. It favors the development of industry, the formation and consolidation of cities and nearby villages. However, the share of the fuel and energy complex accounts for about 90% of greenhouse gas emissions, half of the total amount of atmospheric pollution and 1/3 of pollutants discharged into the water. All this, of course, can not be regarded as a positive effect.

Metallurgy

In this intersectoral complex, sectors are involved, within which various metals are produced. About 90% of them are black (iron and alloys obtained on its basis). At the same time, the volume of non-ferrous metal is much higher, in this connection the enterprises involved in their extraction and processing are of great importance for the segments that support the development of the scientific and technological revolution in the national economy. Russia is considered one of the leading countries in the production of metal ores, as well as smelting. In this segment employs about 1.3 million workers, concentrated 1/8 of all production capacity.

Chemical and Timber Industry

It is a complex of technologically interacting enterprises. At the same time, chemical plants in this sector are of particular importance. Their role is determined by the extensive use of the products they produce. The chemical industry is characterized by an extensive raw material base. It includes:

• Industrial waste.
• Air.
• Water.
• Wood.
• Minerals and so on.

The main raw materials are oil processing products, coal coking - specially prepared materials.

Mechanical engineering

This complex does not have a special focus on the domestic consumer. Most of the products that are produced in the eastern region are exported to the European territory of Russia. The needs of the Far East and Siberia in equipment and machinery are 70-90% satisfied by supplies from the western regions and through imports. The location of enterprises engaged in the machine building complex directly depends on the nature of the product: the mass of products, the breadth of the nomenclature, the scale of production of a single, sectoral, general industrial application. The distribution efficiency is affected by several factors:

• The volume of labor resources.
• Specialization, combination, co-operation, concentration of production.
• Proximity to sources of raw materials.
• Scientific and technical development.
• The volume of transport activities and costs for them.

Military industry

This complex includes a set of testing, research institutions and organizations, as well as enterprises engaged in the production of relevant products. Their common activities are aimed at the development, storage, manufacture, deployment of special and military equipment, ammunition, ammunition and other. All these products are intended for export or for use by the internal power structures of the state. Representatives of the Ministry of Defense and other agencies and bodies may act as organizations and customer agencies. These subjects affect the decision-making on the creation of individual weapons, the setting of technical assignments, the holding of a tender among potential performers, the approval of developed rearmament projects. Since January 2008, all purchases in accordance with the decision of the Military Industrial Commission are carried out through the Federal Agency for the Supply of Material, Special and Military Equipment, as well as weapons.