Dialectical materialism

Dialectical materialism was based on the achievements of advanced practice and theory. This doctrine of the most general positions of development and the movement of consciousness, nature and society was continuously developed and enriched along with the progress of science and technology. This philosophy views consciousness as a social, highly organized form. The dialectical materialism of Marx and Engels regards matter as the sole basis of the whole world, while recognizing the existence of a universal interconnection of phenomena and objects in the world. This teaching is the highest form of knowledge, the result of the whole previous history of the formation of philosophical thought.

The dialectical materialism of Marx arose in the nineteenth century, in the forties. At that time, to cope with the struggle of the proletariat for the social emancipation of itself as a class, knowledge of the laws of social development was necessary. The study of these laws was not possible without a philosophy explaining historical events. The founders of the doctrine, Marx and Engels, subjected the Hegelian teaching to a profound revision. Analyzing all that was formed before them in philosophy, social reality, having mastered all positive conclusions, thinkers created a qualitatively new worldview. It was precisely this that became the philosophical base in the doctrine of scientific communism and in the practice of the revolutionary movement of the proletariat. Dialectical materialism was developed in a sharp ideological confrontation with different views that have a bourgeois character.

The ideas of the followers of the political economy of the classical bourgeois trend (Ricardo, Smith and others), the work of the Utopian socialists (Owen, Saint-Simon, Fourier and others), as well as the French historians Mignet, Guizot, Thierry, were of great influence on the nature of the formed worldview of Marx and Engels And others. Dialectical materialism also developed under the influence of the achievements of natural science.

The teaching extended to the understanding of social history, the justification of the significance of social practice in the development of mankind, its consciousness.

Dialectical materialism made it possible to clarify the fundamental role of practice in the cognition of the world and social being, to materialistically solve the question of the active influence of consciousness. Teaching contributed to the consideration of social reality, not only as an object opposed to man, but also in the form of his specific historical activities. Thus, the materialistic dialectic overcame the abstractness in contemplation that was characteristic of the preceding teachings.

The new teaching could theoretically substantiate and practically realize a conscious set of practice and theory. Materialistic dialectics, deriving from practice a theory, subordinated it to revolutionary ideas about the transformation of the world. Characteristic features of the philosophical doctrine are the person's orientation toward achieving the future and exclusively scientific foresight of forthcoming events.

The fundamental difference between the doctrine of dialectical materialism was the ability of this worldview to penetrate into the masses and be realized by them. The idea itself develops in accordance with the historical practice of the people. Thus, philosophy directed the proletariat to transform the existing society and form a new, communist one.

Theoretical activity of Lenin is considered a new, higher stage in the development of dialectical materialism. The development of the theory of social revolution, the idea of the dictatorship of the proletariat, the alliance of workers and peasants, was closely associated with defending philosophy from the onslaught of bourgeois ideology.