Pulmonary hypertension 1 degree - what is it? Signs of pulmonary hypertension

In certain situations, there is a rise in pressure in the arteries of the lung. In this case, it can be said that pulmonary hypertension of the 1st degree develops. What is it and what are the symptoms of the disease? It is worth noting that this disease ranks third among all cardiovascular pathologies. The main danger of this condition is the development of heart failure and even death.

Pulmonary hypertension 1 degree. What it is

Due to the fact that there is an increase in the volume of blood flow in the pulmonary artery, the pressure in this area is significantly increased. This is the reason that the right heart is experiencing increased stress. There is a narrowing of the lumen of the middle and small pulmonary capillaries. As a rule, most often the disease is diagnosed in women, rather than in men. There is an opinion that a very high risk of developing hypertension is observed in people with immunodeficiency, drug addicts, those who take special drugs to reduce the feeling of hunger.

Types of disease

Distinguish these types of disease: primary pulmonary hypertension and secondary. The first is a rather rare disease. The reasons for its occurrence are little known. Experts suggest that autoimmune conditions, a family history, and the use of birth control pills can provoke the disease. Also, one of the reasons may be a violation of the vascular insertion in the embryo. Secondary hypertension is a consequence of diseases and defects of the lungs, heart disease, blood vessels and even liver cirrhosis. The changes that occur with the vessels, the thickening of their shell leads to a constant increase in pressure. The right ventricle increases, but its functionality is violated. The so-called pulmonary heart develops .

Symptomatics

Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are as follows. First of all there is shortness of breath (even if physical activity is insignificant). Often it is observed and in a calm state. Also, patients complain of general weakness, uncharacteristic fatigue. There may be pain in the sternum and heart. Because of vasospasms, there may be fainting. Often, patients observe coughing with blood veins (in sputum). This phenomenon is explained by the fact that as a result of the changes, blood stagnation occurs. Also, very often with hypertension, hoarseness is observed. If the pulmonary heart develops, the pain in this area will be permanent. Often the symptomatology is not clearly expressed, therefore only an experienced specialist can make the diagnosis after carrying out the necessary studies.

Stages of hypertension

The following degrees of pulmonary hypertension are distinguished. The first - mild - is characterized by the fact that physical exertion of dyspnea does not cause symptoms of the disease are practically absent. The second degree is as follows: at rest, the symptomatology does not appear. However, any load can provoke dizziness, shortness of breath, weakness. On the cardiogram, an overload of the right side of the heart will be seen. On the third degree of pulmonary hypertension symptoms are pronounced bright, there is severe shortness of breath, chest pain. Symptoms are also associated with diffuse cyanosis. Among the signs, there are also swelling of veins on the neck, the appearance of effusions. The fourth phase is characterized by persistent pain, dyspnea even in a state of rest, great discomfort.

Hypertension in newborns

Not only in adults, but also in newborns, pulmonary hypertension of the 1st degree is possible. What it is? In the course of labor, a pressure jump can occur inside the vessels (triggering pulmonary circulation). This can cause the development of hypertension in the child. In this case, a mechanism is triggered, the action of which is aimed at reducing the pressure. Blood is discharged through the embryonic duct, which is not yet overgrown. The clinical picture with this condition is as follows: the breathing of the child is difficult, the shortness of breath is very pronounced. It is worth noting that pulmonary hypertension 1 degree in a newborn is quite dangerous. If medical assistance is not provided on time, then death occurs after a few hours. Most often, the disease is observed in the born children. Among the possible causes of the development of pathology, experts also highlight the use of antibiotics, aspirin.

Treatment of hypertension

Treatment of the disease depends on the reason that it provoked. Often for the relief of a person's condition, inhalation of oxygen is used. However, they are contraindicated if pulmonary arterial hypertension is diagnosed . Specialists prescribe drugs that relax the blood vessels. Such treatment is effective in the early stages. Also, diuretics and medications can be used to dilute blood. After discharge, it is necessary to follow the doctor's recommendations, follow the physical exercise plan, adhere to the diet. In severe cases, organ transplantation (lung, heart) is recommended. If the treatment has a positive dynamics, then the forecasts are quite favorable. However, they depend on what are the indices of pressure in the pulmonary artery. If the level exceeds 50 mm Hg. Most patients die within 5 years. The least favorable prognosis for primary pulmonary hypertension. The survival rate of patients in this case is 22-38% (in a five-year period).

High-grade pulmonary hypertension of 1 degree

What is this, now we will discuss.

The catalyst for the development of this pathology is a low partial pressure in the atmospheric air. This condition provokes hypertrophy of the right ventricle, a violation of its functionality. Most people who live high in the mountains do not notice symptoms of the disease. Often it is manifested only by the appearance of dyspnea under certain loads. Over time, it becomes a permanent phenomenon, it can join tachycardia, a cough with blood. In high altitude hypertension, a person must be moved to the foothills (if the symptoms have arisen as a result of a rise to a height). A number of special preparations are prescribed. If stable pulmonary hypertension of 1 degree is diagnosed, then the treatment will be complex. One of the methods of therapy is a recommendation for a change of residence. In addition, residents of the mountains should be on dispensary registration and for the prevention of bronchodilators, secretolytics.

Severe hypertension of the lungs

Northern residents have northern grade 1 hypertension. What it is? Low temperatures can provoke so-called polar dyspnoea. Because of the cooling of the airways, bronchial resistance increases. Often such processes are observed in those who moved to the North from other latitudes. There are several stages of adaptation of the lungs. The first (living up to 1 year) is characterized by increased pressure in the arteries of the lungs. At the second stage, it is somewhat reduced (living up to 2 years). The third degree is characterized by the fact that the pressure is much higher than the norm. Virtually all residents (about 80%) who live in the region from 3 to 15 years, diagnose pulmonary hypertension. The fourth stage is that: the pressure increases, the condition worsens. With an adaptive type of illness, a change of residence is recommended.