Engine ZIL 130, eight-cylinder, gasoline, internal combustion. It consists of a cast-iron block, eight press sleeves made from gray fine-grained cast iron, two aluminum heads with valves, a steel forged crankshaft with eight crank and five supporting necks, which have been factory hardened to a depth of 4-6 mm, taking into account three repair sizes to decrease Boring. All crankshaft necks are connected by channels for lubrication under pressure.
The rear part of the crankshaft carries a flywheel, which is fixed on four bolts and communicates with the bendix of the starter. The internal boring on the crankshaft flange under the flywheel is made for pressing the bearing of the drive shaft of the gearbox. Between the flange of the flywheel and the cheek of the eight crank is a double lip seal for sealing the engine oil system. At the front end of the crankshaft, three oil-retaining washers, a valve gear of the valve mechanism, two front washers of the oil-reflector, a pulley of the belt gear and a ratchet are attached. When installing the crankshaft in the cylinder block, five pairs of core inserts are selected, the lower ones are laid in the nests and the crankshaft is lowered from above. Then the return shells are refilled in the caps of the inner neck, after which the lids can be installed in place and bolted. The ZIL 130 engine can only be hand-assembled, neat and thoughtful. Pistons need to be connected to the connecting rods with the help of steel fingers, which, with a slight interference, are pressed into the piston cheeks while passing through the bronze bush in the connecting rod head. On both sides of the piston inserted locking rings, fixing a finger.
When all eight pistons are connected to the connecting rods, one can in turn enter into the cylinders and put the lower end of the connecting rod on the crank, having laid the liner in both the connecting rod head and the lid. On the eight-cylinder engines the principle of displacement of connecting-rod heads operates, and the engine ZIL 130 refers to this type of motors, therefore it is necessary to be very careful about the scheme of further assembly. The slightest error is fraught with the crash of the cranks when starting the engine. To facilitate the passage of pistons with fitted rings in the cylinder, it is necessary to use a special mandrel, which overcomes the elasticity of the compression rings and forces them to enter the cylinder. This operation requires attention, since the bottom oil-removal ring is made of cast iron and very fragile, it can break.
After all the pistons are in the cylinders, and the lower heads of the connecting rods are assembled on the crank, the bolts are tightened and finished, it is necessary to install the oil pump. It is bolted to the bottom of the unit. The pump is installed and you can now attach the engine tray. This is a critical operation, since the pallet is made of stamped steel and when you place it in place, you should lay a pad of soft material like cork. Of all the motors of the YaMZ plant, the ZIL 130 engine is the most highly accurate design, and therefore its assembly requires special attention. All bolts along the perimeter should be tightened evenly, so that the flanging of the pallet tightly pressed at all points. After some time it is necessary to tighten all bolts once again.
So, the entire lower part of the engine is assembled and the next stage should be the installation of the gas distribution mechanism. Since this process is very responsible, it must be carried out by a qualified mechanic, and after the camshaft is assembled, the rocker arm assemblies and the bolt tightening, valve adjustment is required . But before that you need to install both heads of the block. If the head is already assembled with valves, then it sits on the asbestos-steel gasket, which is prudently placed on the cylinder block. Then the head bolts are screwed in and tightened in a strictly defined order, in accordance with the assembly diagram. The tightening torque of bolts also has its own meaning and should not exceed it. Therefore, the tightening should be done with a torque wrench. After assembling, adjusting the valves and checking all phases of the gas distribution, it remains to cover the engine with two hermetic enclosures that tightly screw to the cylinder heads, closing the valve mechanisms.
The car ZIL 130, whose engine is assembled without violations, can work for more than a year without repair. And if you still need it, the technical specification of ZIL 130 allows you to use a number of unified spare parts. The general data of the car engine includes: the working volume of the cylinders is 6 liters, the compression ratio is 7.5 in the new piston group, the diameter of the cylinders is 100 mm, the stroke of the piston is 95 mm, the weight of the engine is 490 kg, the power is 150 hp.