Primrose perennial garden: planting, care, photo

One of the first unusually beautiful flowers, blooming in our flower gardens, is the primrose of a perennial garden. It is even called the key of spring, which opens up a fine day, or a primrose. Once it was considered very prestigious to have a primrose in its flower garden. Now in some countries, this flower is not just loved, it is worshiped, it organizes exhibitions, holds festivals, and creates clubs. In Russia, the primrose of a perennial garden is also becoming more popular, but not everyone is able to breed it. The reason for this - some features of reproduction and cultivation. We will reveal to you all the secrets of this unique flower and tell you about the rules of caring for it in the spring, summer and autumn.

Biological Description

To get started, we'll find out what the primula looks like. The photo shows several of its species, which number about 600, and until now botanists open new ones. Each species has its own external features. In general, it can be said that the primula root system is a thickened rhizome, from which thin roots leave. The leaves form a magnificent basal rosette. Externally, in different species, they can differ significantly. So, there are primroses, in which the leaves are serrated, smooth, wrinkled, furrowed, tender or, conversely, stiff and dense. Some species have sessile leaves, others have petiolate leaves; In some they are oval, others lanceolate or ovate. Even more differences have flowers. They are single or collected in inflorescences - umbellate, globular, pyramidal, longline and others. The color of the petals is very different - from white to dark purple, and there are primroses, in which the flowers have a distinct contrast center.

Range of growth

Primrose perennial garden came to our flower gardens with forest edges and meadows. You can meet her relatives on the banks of mountain streams, near forest streams, where there is a shadow and enough moisture. The geography of its distribution is wide enough. Primula grows practically throughout Europe, including Russia, in the Americas, in Africa, in the Himalayas, in Asia, on the island of Java, in Iran, China, the Caucasus, and Turkey. Pollinated with the help of insects or without them, and the flowers are arranged in such a way that pollination between different and identical forms can occur, which leads to a greater viability of the plant and to the appearance of multiple hybrids.

Reproduction by seeds

Primrose perennial garden is able to reproduce vegetatively and seeds. They ripen in oval or globular boxes. Now in the shops you can freely buy sachets of seeds of certain species of this plant or their mixtures. Many growers are surprised why the seeds bought are very bad, and sometimes it happens that there is not a single seedling at all. The fact is that primula is a perennial garden - a plant whose seeds unusually quickly lose their germination. Therefore, to obtain a good result, they are sown immediately after harvesting, and not in a garden bed, but in boxes with prepared soil. If the outcome is favorable, the seed primrose blooms in the second or third year.

Purchased seeds are sown at the end of winter, somewhere in the middle of February. The ground is prepared in advance, mixing the leaf earth, sand, turf ground in the proportion of 2: 1: 1. Some growers add vermiculite. The prepared soil is filled in a box, seeds are placed on the surface of the substrate (no more than 4-5 pieces per cm ² ), pressed, placed in a polyethylene bag and placed in a freezer. Yes, yes, it was in the freezer, and not just in the refrigerator. In some regions, a box with seeds can be taken out to the street, the main thing is that the ambient temperature should be kept within -10 ºC. A month later, a box in a bag is brought into the house and placed on a window sill, which does not receive direct sunlight. When the seeds are a little away from the frost, the soil is slightly moistened and maintained in such a state throughout the time of germination. This can take 2-3 weeks. As soon as the first shoots appear, the pile is opened, and after a while they are completely removed. Grow up sproutsnuvshiesya sprouts will be slowly. Important! Not all varieties of garden primroses require stratification in the freezer.

Planting sprouts on a flower bed

The whole process - from the moment of pecking the seed to planting the plant in the open ground - can last for two years, during which the shoots repeatedly dive. This should be done as they grow up, so that there is not a strong thickening. Transfer of primroses from the box to the flower bed is carried out at the end of spring or early autumn. The place is chosen in a thin shade, for example, under the crowns of trees and shrubs. On open sunny areas, only Alpine primroses like to grow. Plant the plants at a distance of 10-15 cm (small species) or 20-30 cm (large). Preferences to the soil in the primroses are quite broad. It grows well on fertile chernozem, on loams, on loose substrates and on clay soils, the main thing is that it should be provided with sufficient moisture. If the place chosen for the primrose water stagnates, drainage should be done. Too heavy soils can also be used to grow garden primulas, but in this case, add a baking powder, eg vermiculite, sand (up to 1 bucket per 1 m ² ), manure or chopped moss.

Breeding Multiplication

Given the complexity of growing primroses garden of seeds, it is better to multiply it by dividing the bush. In this case, the florists receive new plants that bloom in the first year of planting. In addition, division of the bush is necessary for the rejuvenation of old perennial primulas, since they have a property for 4-5 years of life to greatly expand and lose the luxuriance of flowering. It is best to start dividing the bushes in late summer or early autumn. To do this, the primula is excavated, the roots are washed from the ground, and the plant is cut so that the kidney of renewal is preserved on each fragment. It is desirable to sprinkle with activated carbon. Planting of primrose after the division procedure is carried out according to general rules, with the required distance between plants, with a drainage device and the addition of a baking powder on heavy soils. After putting the rhizome into the hole and sprinkling with earth, the primrose should be watered abundantly.

Reproduction by an axillary shoot

This method is resorted to if the old primrose has a not very powerful root system, or there is only one rosette that can not be cut into pieces. The primrose leaf, in order to grow a new bush out of it, must be separated with a part of the shoot and the kidney. Put such a fragment of the plant in a box with soil, moisturize and put on a light window, where direct sunlight does not get. When a few leaves appear from the kidney, the budding budding bud can be transplanted into a narrow pot, but you can leave it in the box, and in the spring you can put it on the bed.

Care instructions

An adult plant (primula), unlike young shoots, is not at all capricious. The main thing that he needs for life is moisture and weeding. He likes green pet and loosening, which is desirable to be carried out at least once a week. To primula blossom is magnificent and beautiful, it needs to be fed with complex mineral fertilizers. It is better to do this every 7-10 days. But it is undesirable to get involved in nitrogen fertilizers, which help grow green lush leaves, rather than flowers. Wintering primrose leaves with leaves, and in the spring they are removed to grow new ones. In regions with severe winters, primroses are covered with lapnik or straw, and where moderate winters, cover is not needed. In spring it is important that the primrose bushes do not cover the ice crust. If this happens, it is deleted.

Pests

Primrose perennial garden like not only the florists, but also numerous pests. The plant is affected by root and stem rot, jaundice, rust, anthracnose, bacterial spotting, powdery mildew, cucumber mosaic, nematodes, spider mites, aphids, weevils, fleas, slugs. In viral and bacterial diseases, it is necessary to remove the affected leaves, and to treat the plant with appropriate preparations. In autumn it is also desirable to treat the primrose for the prevention of "Nitrofen" by preparing a 1% solution. Large pests (slugs, weevils and others) are collected by hand, and then processed primrose "Aktelikom", "Raptor" or other insecticide.

Primrose primrose

Those who do not have a garden can grow primroses in an apartment. To care for her, there are many recommendations, sometimes directly opposite. This applies, for example, to moisture or feeding. Some advise to water the primula abundantly, even to put a pot with it on wet sand, others, on the contrary, recommend maintaining a very moderate watering. Some are sure that it is necessary to feed the primrose primrose every week, especially during the flowering period, while others believe that it is enough to do this only 2 times a year. But there are general rules.

1. The size of the pot, which is comfortable with home primrose. The photo shows the correct version, that is, the pot should be about twice as large as the ground part of the plant.

2. Illumination. It should be sufficient, but without direct sunlight.

3. The temperature of the medium. Primrose does not like heat. It is optimal when the room temperature does not exceed +20 ^о С, and even better - it keeps within the limits of +13 ... +15 ^о С.

4. Transplant. Annually the home primrose needs to be transplanted into a new soil (it is possible without replacing the pot), and also to divide the overgrown bushes.

5. Summer and winter conditions. It is desirable to place primrose primroses for the summer on a flower bed with a shadow, and in the summer to place again in the house. If there is no such possibility, you must at least take the pots with the primula on the balcony.

If these recommendations are complied with, the plant will enjoy blooming twice a year.