Necrosis. What is it and how does it arise?

Not so often, but we still hear such a terrible word as necrosis. That this, probably, everyone knows. There are several reasons why this phenomenon begins to develop rapidly. In order to understand how to help a person who, because of this or that reason, the tissue died off, we must understand why it arises and how it can be prevented.

Necrosis. What is it?

Necrosis is the death of tissues or cells in a still living organism. This process goes through several stages:

• Necrobiosis;
• Paranecrosis;
• Cell death;
• Autolysis.

At these stages, changes occur in the cytoplasm, nucleus and interstitial substance, which cause only necrosis. What are these processes? In the nucleus there is wrinkling (karyopicnosis), rupture of clumps (karyorexis), dissolution (karyolysis). In the cytoplasm, coagulation begins, followed by protein denaturation, followed by plasmorexis, Plasmolysis. The interstitial substance undergoes fibrinolysis, elastolysis and the formation of lipogranules.

Classification of Species

Having dealt with the way necrosis goes, what is it, we have approached to disassemble this phenomenon by category. There are several types of classification. In the etiology, allergic, toxic, traumatic, vascular, trophoneurotic necrosis is isolated.

In pathogenesis, a direct and indirect species is distinguished. To direct carry toxic and traumatic, and to indirect - all the others. In the clinical-anatomical system, coagulation or dry, colliquated or moist, sequester, gangrene, and infarction are isolated.

Causes

Usually, due to the cessation of blood flow to tissues or exposure to pathogenic products of viruses, bacteria, necrosis occurs. What this disease can still cause? Destruction of the tissue by the agent (physical or chemical), allergic reaction, exposure to too high or too low temperatures. In addition, this symptom is the result of diseases such as, for example, syphilis. Necrosis after surgery is also common.

Sequence of symptoms

After a number of symptoms, if you do not take steps to remove the necrotic tissue, a general death occurs, which in turn is divided into clinical (reversible) and biological (possible - social death, when the brain dies).

The first signal that something is wrong in the body is a feeling of numbness and a complete lack of sensitivity in the place of injury. Because of improper blood circulation, the skin pales, then turns blue, turns black, and at the end becomes dark green. Necrosis in the lower extremities can manifest itself in rapid fatigue when walking, convulsions, sensation of cold. As a result, ulcers of an atrophic nature appear, which do not heal.

Later it starts to malfunction the central nervous system, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver. Immunity decreases due to emerging blood diseases and anemia. The metabolism is finally upset, full of exhaustion, hypovitaminosis and overwork.

Necrosis of tissues. Treatment

In this case, just lotions and tablets will not help. At the first signs or suspicion of necrosis, you should immediately consult a doctor. X-rays and blood tests in the primary stages are not very effective as a diagnostic method. Both of these methods will help determine only the second and subsequent stages of necrosis. That is why in this case it is worth to undergo examination on modern equipment (for example, MRI). There are several treatment methods: gentle, functional and conservative. Only the doctor determines the validity of this or that option in a particular case. So we have analyzed how necrosis occurs, what it is and how to diagnose it and treat it.