Mitral valve insufficiency

Mitral valve insufficiency is caused by a disorder in the closure function. There is such a violation due to deformation in the valves, as a rule, of a fibrous nature. Influence on the development of the disease is affected by damage to sub-valvular structures, as well as integrity disorders of individual valve elements. Equally important is the dilatation in the fibrous ring. All of the above leads in the end to the return movement of a part of the blood from the left ventricle systole to the left atrium, which causes a decrease in the minute circulation and the development of hypertension of the lungs.

Insufficiency of the mitral valve of an isolated character refers to phenomena very rare. This condition is noted in only two percent of all cases. As a rule, the disturbance of the closure function accompanies stenosis of the mitral valve or aortic heart defects.

The condition can be functional or organic in nature.

In the first case, the insufficiency of the mitral valve develops with expansion in the volume of the left ventricle area as a result of myocardial diseases. Such diseases provoke the formation of hemodynamic overload of this part of the heart muscle.

The cause of this type of insufficiency may be vegetative dystonia and a decrease in the tone of the papillary musculature.

It should be noted that the functional disorder does not belong to the heart disease.

Insufficient mitral valve of an organic nature arises as a result of anatomical damage to the tendons of its filaments or directly to itself.

The course of the disease can be classified as acute or chronic.

In the first case, insufficiency is a consequence of damage to its ring as a result of the formation of an abscess on the background of infective endocarditis or trauma (mainly during surgical intervention). In addition, the cause of acute disease can be a violation of the integrity of the valves as a result of perforation or destruction, myxoma atrium.

A similar development of the disease is also characteristic of dysfunction or damage to the papillary musculature.

Chronic course of the disease occurs against the background of inflammatory (scleroderma, rheumatism, systemic lupus erythematosus) and degenerative (calcification fibrosus ring, Ehlers-Danlos and Marfan syndrome, pseudocanthoma) changes. Influence has and congenital genesis. Such cases include fibroelastosis of the endocardium, transposition of the main vessels, anomaly in the development of the left coronary artery. Chronic failure occurs when a fusion disorder occurs during the intrauterine formation of the rudiments of the valve. As a result, endocardial pillows do not connect. Mikksomatous degeneration of the mitral valve (its valves) also develops in a chronic form.

Of course, the violation of the closure function can also be provoked by structural changes. They are expressed, as a rule, in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, rupture of tendon lobes (secondary as a result of myocardial infarction, prolapse, traumas, as well as spontaneous), paraprosthetic fistula arising from the eruption of sutures.

Chronic insufficiency can result from infective endocarditis formed on the native or prosthetic valve.

Depending on the severity of regurgitation, there are three degrees.

The first - not expressed - is characterized by revealing a reverse request of blood only at the valve. At the second degree there is a moderate expansion of the auricle. The reverse request is typical for its middle part.

In the third degree there is a significant dilatation. In this case, the regulatory current can reach the posterior region of the wall in the left atrium.