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Mini-CHP: purpose, advantages, fuel

Power supply of critical facilities should be carried out in a constant and uninterrupted operation. For this purpose, power plant designers are developing all new, more efficient and reliable designs, optimizing the filling of power plants and selecting the most economical fuels. One way to solve the uninterruptible power supply problem is to connect standby stations. In particular, mini-CHP (cogeneration plant) allows to provide with small expenses support of power supply to consumers in conditions of temporary disconnection of the main source. Such facilities, depending on the version, can be used in industry, and in the maintenance of public facilities, as well as in the everyday needs of ordinary consumers.

Purpose of CHPP

Cogeneration plants fulfill the tasks of providing consumers with electric power. As the latter can act industrial facilities, medical institutions, private homes, individual units and technical installations. Standard thermal power plants are rarely used as the main source of energy. They can perform the task of power supply temporarily, but in this case the full replacement of the main power grid is not always guaranteed.

Despite the modest potential for generating electricity, CHPs are widely used as relatively small, easy-to-operate, maintenance-free and economical generators. In many respects these qualities justify the use of such stations in private needs. For example, with the help of mini-CHP, not only residential buildings are provided with electricity, but also separate utility rooms, garages and baths.

Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant

The very idea of autonomous power plants determines their independence from the main sources of energy supply. And yet the most economical in operation are gas-fired CHP plants, which are connected to the central gas pipeline. This solution is the least expensive, safe and effective in terms of maintaining productivity. If there is no possibility of connecting to the main line, then cylinders filled with liquefied gas can be used . Such models operate on the principle of conversion of heat released from fuel combustion into mechanical and electrical energy. Thanks to the addition of a mini-CHP gas turbine generator to the gas, it is possible to generate large amounts of energy. While preserving the small size of the structure, the station is capable of servicing industrial equipment requiring the connection of considerable energy resources under high voltage.

Combined heat and power plants with internal combustion engines

In one form or another, the power plant responsible for generating electricity by burning the main fuel is present in any CHP. But there are units in which the internal combustion engine performs a universal function of converting thermal energy. This station, working with almost any kind of fuel. This can include traditional liquid, and gas, as well as solid-state fuels. Energy efficient mini-CHP plants operating on biofuel are also being distributed. For such installations, pellets, granular materials and even some types of industrial waste are used. However, the cost of heat and power plants of this type is much higher than the price of conventional generators.

Steam mini-cogeneration station

The features of steam power generation stations include low power, environmental friendliness, high level of safety and economy in operation. In this case, the source of energy production for the conversion is water, which as a result of high heating passes into steam, and then into the condensate. The main disadvantage of a steam mini-CHP is the complexity of its construction device. The point is that the station is a complex that includes several separate components. Unlike the same gas-turbine thermal power plants, steam installations have a boiler, which also serves as a steam generator. Also, communication with the generating set is formed by a network of pipes that circulate water and steam. But the inconvenience of using the design is almost compensated by the lack of costs for fuel material.

What is the difference between TPP and CHP?

Classical thermal power plants (TPPs) fulfill one task, which is to generate electricity. In turn, thermal power plants in addition to electricity can generate heat, carrying out and heating function. Accordingly, the CHP is a multitasking power facility, which, incidentally, can lose to stations in terms of generator power. Therefore, the questions about how the CHP differs from the CHP plant and which equipment is preferable should be considered from different positions. If the priority is the generation of electricity, it is better to focus on conventional thermal power plants. Cogeneration plants are more likely to approach in cases when it is necessary to provide a combined generation of energy resources.

Advantages of CHPP

The design and construction of mini-heat and power plants is justified by different operational factors. First of all, these are low financial costs for maintenance. And even the use of liquid fuel allows you to expect significant savings compared to full-power power plants. Also, despite the small size, the CHP plants provide good performance and performance indicators, especially for gas turbine models. True, thermal power plants still benefit from such heat and power plants in terms of energy efficiency. On the other hand, the CHP plant is environmentally safe and can work with a wide range of fuel resources.

Conclusion

Domestic industry produces power generators of various types and modifications. Find a suitable model can be for responsible production tasks, and for private needs. The main thing is to determine the functions that a specific mini-CHP will perform. The price of the most simple and low-power units is 10-15 thousand rubles. These are small installations, the capacity of which is sufficient for heating and power supply of a small house. For 30-40 thousand it is possible to purchase a combined heat and power plant for servicing a large country house or industrial facility. In this case, it is important to consider the need for additional equipment, which can be composed of both mounting components and equipment management tools.

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