Skew machine: the principle of operation of the device

Automatic skews allow you to control the flight of the helicopter. Modern modifications are distinguished by a high angle of inclination by roll and pitch. To find out more information about skew machines, you need to consider existing devices.

The skew machine is a special mechanism that is responsible for controlling the helicopter screws. Also devices of this type are used on gyroplanes and converters. The standard machine includes a set of columns and supports. The movable ring of the device is attached to the top of the mechanism. Under it is a large plate. Thrust bearings can be located above the stand or bushing. Chord blades are connected to a plate. In the lower part of the modifications are the hinges of fastening. Under them is directly the rotor.

The principle of operation of the automatic warps

The operating principle of the swashplate is based on changing the position of the screws. This process is carried out by changing the angle of inclination of the supports. The lower ring is responsible for stabilizing the thrust. To control the helicopter in pitch, the rear pillars are used. The angle of inclination is limited. Lifting power of the helicopter is regulated by the front pillars. Smooth rotation of the blades is ensured by spherical bearings. However, in this case much depends on the type of modification.

Homemade modifications

It is quite difficult to make a helicopter swashplate by oneself. First of all, a wide ring with a diameter of 25 cm is required for assembly. The hinges should be in the lower part of the structure. The screws are fastened in a plate. To do this, you need to use a welding machine. Further, in order to make the automatic skewing of the helicopter with one's own hands, a ball bearing is prepared . The rotating ring for simple modifications is of small diameter.

Spherical bearings are not often used. The cyclic pitch of the blades depends on the size of the rack. After fixing the plate, you can proceed to install the front supports. Then, to assemble the swashplate with your own hands, hinges of fastening are used, which are fixed under the support plate. Chordovye blades of modification should not touch a spherical support. On average, the pitch angle is 30 degrees.

Types of skewness machines

First of all, the automatic machines are divided according to the number of blades. Three-bladed devices, as a rule, are installed with double rings. Modifications to the four blades are considered more common. Transitional modifications are distinguished by the presence of wide plates in the lower part of the structure. It is also worth noting that there are cranked modifications and devices with an impeller. In a separate category, the road modifications are used, which are used on autogyros.

Modifications to three screws

The three-screw models are great for helicopters. Support racks are used in different sizes. The diameter of the lower ring, as a rule, is not more than 22 cm. Many modifications use several plates. The pitch control is carried out through the front traction. Bearings of a spherical type are used in vending machines quite often.

A directly fixed plate can be placed under the ring or above it. Many models fix the screws through the racks. The deviation of the dish in this case depends on the dimensions of the side racks. The setting angles are determined by the shape of the plate. Sleeves are most often located at the bottom of the structure. The disadvantage of devices on three blades is a small cyclic step.

Four-screw models

Devices for the four blades are mainly produced with a cam mechanism. For many modifications, the pitch angle does not exceed 40 degrees. Problems with skewing are controlled by the carrier screws. If you believe the experts, then modifications with twin bushes are rare. Rotating rings are installed in various sizes.

Many experts say that spherical bearings have proven themselves well. Many models use a blocker for the rack. Thus, the roll slope of the automaton is strongly limited. Problems with the skew modification are not terrible. Modifications are made mainly through hinges.

Transient devices

Transient automatons are widely used on helicopters of various manufacturers. If you believe the experts, then the advantages of the devices include stability. Pitch pitch is adjustable only by the front pillars. If you believe the experts, the plates are allowed to use a small diameter. The pitch angle of the modifications of this type is 35 degrees.

Bearings near automatic devices, as a rule, are of a spherical type. In this case, the overlays for them are very rare. It is especially important to note that there are modifications for gyroplanes. Stands in them are of an elongated shape. The plates are often fixed at the top of the mechanism. The cyclic pitch of the blades depends on the size of the fixed ring. Blocking at the counter occurs quite often. Above the plate are the bushings that protect the blades.

Coaxial modifications with impeller

A coaxial swashplate with an impeller is suitable for convertoplanes. The traction power of the models is quite high. If you believe the experts, the racks are of small length. Installation of bearings is carried out on plates. Modifications with large adapters are very rare. The angle of inclination of the propellers in the pitch, as a rule, does not exceed 40 degrees. Many automata do not have a blocker. Installation of the devices is carried out standardly on the rotor. In this case, the bushings are installed in two rows.

The impellers are used with hinged fasteners, which are located in the lower part of the structure. According to experts, the traction force of modifications depends on the diameter of the plates. The cyclic pitch of the blades is closely related to the size of the racks that are located on the sides of the plates with fixed rings. Bearings of a spherical type in automata with an impeller are very common. Many experts say that modifications suffer from a dish deflection. The inclination to roll in devices is severely limited.

Cranked devices

Cranked modifications in helicopters are quite rare. The strength of traction in them, as a rule, is at a high level. If we talk about shortcomings, it is important to mention the complex controllability of the mechanism with strong gusts of wind. If you believe the opinion of experts, the rotors should be located in the upper part of the modification. To solve the problems with the slope of the plate, a blocker is installed. Directly the front pillars are fixed to the plates.

The pitch angle is about 40 degrees. Many modifications are made without spherical bearings. Plates are used with and without overlays. Modifications with moving rings are rare. The rotational moment at the plates is high. Racks behind the fastening are used a small width. Internal rings of modifications of this series are capable of withstanding heavy loads. It is also worth noting that the market presents modifications with a lower location of the rotors. In this case, the front pillars are of a small height and are attached under the plate.

According to experts, the power of lifting machines of this series is quite high. For modern modifications, they fit perfectly. However, the disadvantages of such systems should also be taken into account. First of all, this is a small pitch angle. The spherical bearings are heavily loaded. The slope of the roll reaches a maximum of 50 degrees. Blocking racks is used very rarely. Installation of machines of this type is carried out only on the rotors through hinges.

Running devices

Progressive automatons will report that they can be used on helicopters, as well as on convertoplanes. Many modifications are applied with long racks and a wide plate. The support screws are usually located in the upper part of the machine. The pitch pitch in this case depends on the width of the movable ring. Problems with the skewing of the screws in the modifications occur very rarely.

Protective sleeves are installed over the adapter. Mounting to the rotor is only through the hinges. In this case, inner rings are often used with a small diameter. The main load of the mechanisms turns out to be on the racks. The cyclical step at the blades is not very high. It is also worth noting that modifications of this type are distinguished by quality blockers. Ball bearings on automatic machines are very rare.

Modification of Sikorsky

The Sikorsky skew machine is reliable and features sturdy racks. Plates in this case are applied at 23 cm. According to experts, problems with pitch incline are rare. The support screws for the models are above the level of the plates. Installation on the vertical is very fast. Many experts say that the roll adjustment is very smooth. Achieved this effect was due to the installation of small racks. The pitch angle is 40 degrees.

Ball joints are used with overlays. Experts say that the blockers are stable in this case work well. A drawback of modifications is considered to be a small rotating torque. Rings in devices wear out pretty quickly. Special attention is paid to modifications of hinges. They are located at the bottom of the structure. The deviation of the cymbals, therefore, is regulated quite simply.

Features of the MI-8T series

This automatic swashplate is used for helicopters of different series. The supporting screws at it are established at level of a ring. The swashplate is operated by changing the position of the blades. If you believe the opinion of experts, the ball bearings are capable of withstanding heavy loads. In this case, the cyclic step is perfectly controlled. Bearings at the machine are of a spherical type. The bearing does not sink normally when tilted.

At the same wear on the rings is very small. Separate attention deserves compact hinges. The modification is installed very tightly on the rotor. Circular movements are carried out smoothly, the load on the bearings is distributed evenly. The pitch pitch is 30 degrees. Many experts say that the plates and at high speeds quickly stabilize. It is separately important to note that the maximum slope of the roll does not exceed 20 degrees.

Parameters of modification of series АВ-1

The presented phase warping machine is allocated with low struts. The pitch pitch in this case is 50 degrees. Thrust bearings are applied with overlays. If you believe the opinion of experts, then problems with locking the rack are very rare. The plate in this case is set to 23 cm. The carrier screws at the modification are above the level of the plate. Sleeves in this case can last a long time.

The deviation of the plate is controlled at a good level. The cyclic pitch of the blade is adjustable only by the front pillars. The slope of the roll is 30 degrees. The vertical installation is quite fast. Bearings of spherical type are located only above a plate.

Differences of devices in 912

The skew machine of the presented series is distinguished by a good adapter. This device relates to cam mechanisms. However, the mounting hinges of the modification are in the lower part of the modification. Bearings are used only on a plate. The installation of blades along the vertical does not take much time. The maximum angle of inclination by roll is 25 degrees. Many experts say that the device has excellent stabilization. It is also worth noting that the rotating rings are used in a diameter of 34 cm.

Protective sleeves are used only on the front pillars. The maximum angle of inclination by roll does not exceed 55 degrees. Problems with the distortions of this machine are not terrible. Mounting of the modification on the rotor is standardized through hinges. Many experts note that the adjustment of the blades horizontally occurs very quickly. The rack is not locked in the model.

Features of the model series B 915

The presented swashplate from other modifications differs by a large slope in the roll. Applies the device to the crank type. Bearing screws are located at the level of thrust bearings. If you believe the experts, there are no gaps with a skew. In this case, the protective sleeves are under the rack and above it. The running blades are capable of withstanding heavy loads.

Ball joints in this case are applied with overlays. The pitch angle is 55 degrees. According to experts, the blocker works well. Among the shortcomings is worth mentioning the rapid wear of the rings. The cyclic pitch of the blades is not very smoothly regulated. The attachment at the hinges leaves much to be desired. For converters, the modification of this series is not suitable.

Parameters of the modification of the B series 920

The presented helicopter swashplate is produced with four posts. They rotate freely, the maximum angle of roll is equal to 35 degrees. Bearing screws are installed at the level of the bearing row. The plate is used in stainless steel, and its diameter is 4 cm. Many experts say that the modification is made with high-quality hinges of fastening, and in the installation it is quite simple.

Sleeves in this case are located just above the protective ring. The pitch angle is 50 degrees. The rotating ring is used by the manufacturer for 30 cm. There is no locking of the rack for this machine. Some experts say that the modification can be used on gyroplanes. It is also worth noting that the model has two ball bearings. Problems with the prekosom they are not terrible.

Differences between devices V922-04

This automatic swashplate helicopter is distinguished by a large stabilization of the plate. It is also worth noting that the pitch angle is 45 degrees. The installation of blades along the vertical does not take much time. If we talk about shortcomings, it is important to note the low landing of the plate. The maximum angle of inclination by roll does not exceed 50 degrees.

The rotating ring is used in a diameter of 30 cm. The bearings of the machine are only of a spherical type. There are no ball supports for the modification. The rack is locked as standard under the plate. Thrust bearings are applied without overlapping. Installation of blades horizontally occurs rather quickly. Deviation of the dish is very rare. In this case, the cyclic pitch of the blades is regulated without problems.

Features of the MI 8 model

The MI 8 helicopter has a lot of advantages. First of all, it is important to note that the modification refers to the transient devices. The carrier screws in this case are located at the level of the bushes. The vertical installation takes quite some time. The maximum angle to roll is not more than 40 degrees. The running blades are capable of withstanding more load. It is also worth noting that the automatic swashplate MI 8 is made with spherical bearings. Many experts point to the low strength of the supports. At the same time, a small diameter plate is used. Special attention in the device deserves a small angle of inclination in pitch. Ball supports in this case are installed above the plate. The fixing of the modification is carried out through the rotor. Fastenings in this case are of small width. The deviation of the plate under heavy loads is very noticeable. When lifting a large load is directed to the ball bearings.

Parameters of the modification series 8-1950-000

Automatic swash 8-1950-000 is in high demand. It is suitable not only for helicopters, but also for gyros. The skew machine 8-1950-000 is equipped with high quality support posts. The installation of blades vertically occurs quickly. At the same time, the problems with the stabilization of the modification plate are not terrible. Some experts also point to the strength of the hinge anchorages.

Carrying screws at the machine are located at the level of the rack blocking. Ball joints are normally located under the ring. If we talk about the indicators, then the pitch angle is 35 degrees. The plate for the automatic swashplate 1950 is set to a diameter of 22 cm. The maximum angle of inclination here is 40 degrees. The cyclic pitch of the blade can be adjusted very smoothly.

Differences between devices 8-1975-000

This is a high-quality cam-mounted automatic swashplate helicopter. The principle of the device is based on changing the angle of inclination of the blades. If we talk about the figures, then the diameter of the plate is only 34 cm. The carrier screws are located at the level of spherical bearings.

The modification is capable of withstanding heavy loads. However, it is important to note that the maximum roll angle does not exceed 40 degrees. The rack is not locked in this case. A compact ball support deserves special attention. Problems with twisting to it are not terrible. The installation of blades along the vertical is quite fast.

To adjust the cyclic pitch of the blades, the front supports are used. For convertoplanes, the modification of this series is not suitable. The articulated fastenings are under the plate. The protective ring of the modification is fixed on the bushing. The overlay on the ball joint wears out very slowly. For gyroplanes this skew machine is not suitable.