Metabolism and energy

In the aggregate of chemical reactions, there is a metabolism and energy, so necessary for the life of the organism. Here the main stages are distinguished: preparatory and metabolism. On the first substance, entering the body by alimentary route, undergoes a chemical transformation and then enters the blood and cells. The second stage is metabolism - the compounds that enter the cells are also subjected to chemical transformations.

The exchange of substances and energy in the cell performs specific functions. It is the extraction of energy from the environment and its transformation into high-energy compounds necessary to provide cells with energy needs. During this process, intermediate compounds are formed which are precursors of high molecular weight cellular components, as well as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and sugars. In addition, this process is accompanied by the destruction and synthesis of special biomolecules. In a simpler language, the most complex substances of the organic type degrade into simpler ones, and the organism, by spending energy on this transformation, synthesizes the cellular components.

The metabolism and energy allows the body to multiply and grow, retain its structure and respond to environmental influences. To understand its essence, it is necessary to take into account the cellular energy originality. The cell is isothermal, that is, in all parts of the cells there is approximately one temperature. Between themselves, different cells do not differ much in terms of pressure.

The exchange of substances and energy is not only the basis of all vital processes, but it is one of the most important specific features that distinguish living matter from the dead. All the elements that naturally enter the body are transformed into the own substances of the tissue, and then into the final products.

There is a metabolism and energy not only in the cell, but also in the intercellular fluid, and the constancy of its composition is maintained with the help of blood circulation. During the passage of blood through the capillaries, plasma can be completely renewed 40 times. Enzymes play an important role in these processes. They act as biological catalysts, and also regulate metabolic pathways.

Absolutely in all living organisms, regardless of their primitiveness or, conversely, complexity, the basis of all life is the metabolism and energy in the body. It determines the entire life cycle, from birth, growth, aging and ending with death.

In the body there are various processes - it is the exchange of proteins, fats, water, mineral salts, carbohydrates. They include plastic exchange, in which new structures and compounds that are characteristic of each organism are created. The result of biological oxidation is the release of energy necessary for the vital functions of the body, tissues and cells. The initial products of energy metabolism are the formations of ammonia, sodium, chlorine, fluorine and carbon dioxide compounds. The metabolism and energy in the body ends with the stage of removing the waste compounds from the body, in the implementation of which blood, lungs, sweat glands, urinary organs participate.

The law of conservation of substances and energy is the theoretical basis for the most important method of studying such a process as the metabolism and energy or the establishment of a balance. That is, the amount of energy and substances that are received and released from the body in the form of heat and other final products of metabolism is determined. To determine their total balance, you need to know the exact chemical methods and ways of separating different elements from the body. The energy balance is determined by the calorie content of nutrients and the amount of heat released, which can be measured and counted.