Management of the organization: what is it, what are its functions and features

One of the most important concepts of modern management activity was the management of the organization. What is this, what is the meaning of this term, and why is this concept so important?

In fact, the word "management" is a synonym for "management." This is the name of a system that includes the methods, principles, tools, and forms used to manage organizations and improve their performance. Timely and most complete use of all categories of resources of the organization to obtain maximum profit is also the management of the organization. What is this, we will consider in more detail below.

Who is the manager?

The person performing the tasks of the manager is endowed with a number of powers that allow him to make decisions for the management of a particular type of firm's activity (functioning in a market economy). As a rule, he does not act as the owner of an enterprise or capital, however, he may have shares of the company in which he works.

Given the scope and complexity of the tasks that the manager is called upon to perform in his office, he must have the following qualities and skills:

• Knowledge of the general principles used in the management of the enterprise.
• The concept of leadership, its foundations and principles. Ability to lead people.
• Possession of psychological methods of persuasion, influence and motivation.
• Ability to understand the technological process in order to optimize it.
• Ability to feel and, if necessary, adjust the climate in the team.

Based on the main tasks of the manager, we can conclude that its main function is to ensure communication and unity of the production process, as well as to unite employees belonging to different specialties (engineers, designers, marketers, economists, statisticians, psychologists, planners, accountants and others).

Tasks of management and managers

Optimization of the management of individual structural elements of the company or the whole organization is aimed at:

• Ensure the automation of the production process and attract those employees who have the highest qualifications.
• Optimal use of the resources and reserves that are available to the enterprise.
• Stimulate the work of the company's personnel. To do this, the manager studies and improves their working conditions, and also develops a system of material incentives.
• Continually monitor the effectiveness of the enterprise and coordinate the work of all its units.
• Search and explore new markets.

Planning for the future

There is such a thing as "strategic management of an organization". It provides for the solution of the following issues:

• Defines specific and clear objectives for the development of the company (short-term, long-term).
• Identifies the priority of the goals, their order and sequence of implementation.
• Develops optimal strategies (course), in accordance with which the development of the company will take place (it formulates economic tasks and ways of their solution).
• Forecasts possible problems in certain time intervals and develops a system of measures aimed at their elimination.
• Identifies the resources needed by the enterprise and looks for sources to support them.
• Supervises the fulfillment of the assigned tasks.

Hierarchy of managers

The organization of the management process in any enterprise is impossible without building a management structure.

Depending on how large the company is and how large its staff is, this structure can include four to several dozen levels.

Schematically, the organization management (what it is and what hierarchy of management personnel) can be represented as follows:

1. Top management.
2. Managers of the upper middle level.
3. Employees of the lower middle level.
4. The staff of the grass-roots level.

In comparison with a fairly broad average, the number of employees at the lower and higher levels is much lower.

Environment of the organization: management and its subsystems

The environment in which the organization conducts its economic activities is usually called a combination of factors and circumstances that have an impact and influence on this process. There are internal and external environments.

The first include all business processes occurring at the enterprise, their accounting and analysis, as well as personnel with its specifics. The external environment includes those factors that can not be attributed to the internal: the political environment, the legal aspects of activities, the economic situation and many other circumstances.

The management process covers all areas of the organization's activities and takes into account the factors of both environments. Therefore, it is divided into subsystems that specialize in management:

• Designing.
• Production processes.
• Employees.
• Qualitative characteristics of the products.
• Analysis of market conditions.
• Investment.
• Finances.
• Strategic planning.
• Environmental situation.
• Information component.
• Risky projects.

Each of these areas has its own theoretical base, methodology and technologies, which are backed up by numerous studies and improvements.

How can I become a manager?

In secondary schools, they learn the initial theoretical knowledge, which includes the subject "organization management". What is this, more detailed on the specialized courses in technical schools, colleges, institutes and universities.

In addition, there are a lot of literature, private courses (traditional or online training), seminars and trainings that provide very valuable and useful information. As a rule, their authors have a solid managerial experience behind them, and their practice in management of the organization has been going on for decades.

The program of such courses is designed for in-depth study of practical management and for the development of specialists with special education.