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M. A. Bulgakov, "The Heart of a Dog": an essay on a work

More than sixty years "Dog Heart" was waiting for its reader. In Germany and England, the story was printed in the early 1960s, while at the same time in the USSR only lucky ones could read it in Samizdat, which were few. And only in 1987 the work was published in the journal "Banner", and a year later was filmed by Vladimir Bortko. In 1925 he wrote M.A. Bulgakov "The Heart of a Dog," an essay that still excites the minds and reveals the meaning of what happened in Russia in those years.

Not at all the school Bulgakov

The compulsory program on literature for secondary education includes two works by this author: "The Heart of a Dog" and "The Master and Margarita." Being the son of a professor of theology and the grandson of priests, the writer put religious symbols into each of his works, made the idea multilayered. Perhaps that's why when reading his books every time something new opens.

Despite the complexity of the ideological content, in the school an essay on Bulgakov's novel "The Heart of a Dog" will have to be written. And for this it is necessary to analyze the genre, name and main images of the work.

An anti-Soviet pamphlet or an anti-utopia?

Usually the "Dog Heart" is called a political satire. It's right. But in part. All that Professor Preobrazhensky says about ruin, the house committee and the Soviet newspapers is, of course, a pamphlet. What Shvonder and Sharikov are talking about is also, no doubt, a satire. Yes, and what! Sharp. Merciless.

But the experiment with the dog is an anti-utopia. In his image the birth of a new man of a young formation is shown, dangerous tendencies of development of such a society are revealed. It turns out that as a warning, Mikhail Bulgakov wrote "The Heart of a Dog." The essay on the story should reflect the presence of signs of both genres: both satire and utopia.

Why is the dog's heart?

When analyzing a product of a small form (story, short story, story), its name does not last. So, why did Bulgakov stop exactly on this phrase, because in the text Professor Preobrazhensky, paring Bormental about the heart of Sharikov, claims that he has now a human, only the most lousy of all.

In explanatory dictionaries, the adjective "dog", besides direct meaning indicating belonging to this animal, has other, portable, colloquially-lowered with negative characteristics, denoting something difficult, unbearable, as well as mean, low and despicable. And then everything becomes clear, especially the subtitle of the story - "Monstrous incident" - gives a clue about what Bulgakov meant to say. "Dog Heart" - the work is satirical, in its name is not dog's organ, but the spoiled heart of a new person.

Image system

Surprisingly, but the fact: in the satirical works of Mikhail Bulgakov there are no goodies. And the "Dog Heart" is no exception. A professor who correctly argues and rightly denounces the new government makes a monstrous mistake: the doctor must help people in the treatment of ailments, and he tries to correct what is created by God. Preobrazhensky only then realizes the inadmissibility of such experiments.

The obedient cog in the newly formed formation is Shvonder, a demagogue with limited mental abilities, who imagines himself to be the master of the house. He and the professor are carriers of completely different beginnings, even their comparison is impossible.

So on which of the heroes need to focus, when asked to write an essay "Bulgakov:" Dog's Heart "?" Sharikov - the result of the experiment F.F. Preobrazhensky - it is he who is chief in the story and to some extent the object of the dispute between Shvonder and the professor. But did this fight make sense?

Highly developed person did not turn out

Everything that is connected with Orthodoxy, Bulgakov knew thoroughly, and it is not accidental that his works mention certain dates or directions to them. For example, in the "Master and Margarita" everything indicates that the action takes place on a passionate week before Easter, in the story about Sharikov, events begin at the end of December, and by January 7 a new man appears - Polygraph Polygraphovich. Neither much nor little, but for Christmas timed the transformation of the dog Bulgakov. "The Heart of a Dog" is an essay whose author painfully notes not only the destruction of the best that was before the revolution, but also the appearance of a being that will continue this extermination, but not stealing and nailing the ceremonial, but spiritual devastation.

Why Polygraph?

This name is considered an invention of Bulgakov, although it is known that in the calendar of the saints of the proletariat of that time its female interpretation already appeared. What could the writer have warned about by repeating: Polygraph Polygraphovich? When Mikhail Bulgakov created the "Dog Heart", the composition of such works could not become the property of a wide range of readers. It's a pity! Then many would understand: the name of the main character is connected with polygraphy, which means - replicating, that is, there should be a lot of them.

The writer was afraid (and not in vain) that the balls would be ideal for the new government. Deprived of their own opinions, not having spiritual ties, traditions, these people will perform not only what they are ordered, but also take the initiative aimed at destruction, because they can not create by definition. They will not be able to create them in the way that Professor Preobrazhensky accidentally happened, but it will be quite realistic to bring up young people in this spirit.

That's what the essay on "The Heart of a Dog" should be about. Bulgakov could not reach the contemporaries, or rather did not have the opportunity, but in many decades this story is also relevant.

Modern science is moving forward, trying to find a panacea for illnesses and prolonging the days of man on earth, but do not forget that along with a long life one can get a dog's heart that will make the lived century aimless and useless.

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