Preobrazhensky is a professor from the novel "The Dog's Heart": character quotes, character and hero characterization

Beginning his arguments about Professor Preobrazhensky, the hero of the work "The Heart of a Dog," I would like to dwell briefly on some facts of the biography of the author - Mikhail Afganasievich Bulgakov (15.05.1891 Kiev - 10.03.1940, Moscow), Russian writer, theater dramatist and The director. All this in order to draw some parallels, which will largely unite the author and his imaginary hero.

A bit about the biography of the author

Bulgakov was born in the family of an assistant professor of the Kiev Theological Academy, but soon he became a student of the medical faculty of Kiev University. In the First World War he worked as a front-line doctor. In the spring of 1918 he returned to Kiev, where he practiced as a private venereologist. In the civil war of 1919, Bulgakov was a military doctor of the Ukrainian military army, then of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, the Red Cross, the Volunteer Army, etc. He was ill with typhus in 1920, he was treated in Vladikavkaz, and afterwards a writer's talent woke up. His cousin, he will write that, at last he understood: his business is to write.

Prototype of Professor Preobrazhensky

With the prototype of the main character, you can really compare Bulgakov, they have too much in common. However, it is commonly believed that Preobrazhensky (professor) as an image was written off from Mikhail Afanasyevich's uncle - the famous Moscow doctor, gynecologist NM Pokrovsky.

In 1926, the OGPU searched the writer, and as a result, the manuscripts of the "Dog Heart" and a diary were confiscated.

This story was dangerous for the writer in that she became a satire on Soviet power in the 1920s and 1930s. The new class of the proletariat here is represented by heroes like Shvonder and Sharikov who are absolutely far from the values of the destroyed tsarist Russia.

They are all opposed by Professor Preobrazhensky, whose quotes deserve special attention. This surgeon and scientist, representing the luminary of Russian science, appears for the first time at a time when in the story the dog, the future Sharikov, breathes out in the city gateway - hungry and cold, with a burnt side. The professor appears in the most agonizing hours for a dog. Thoughts of the dog "voice" Preobrazhensky as a cultural master, with an intelligent beard and mustache, like the French knights.

Experiment

The main thing of Professor Preobrazhensky is to treat people, to seek new ways to achieve longevity and effective means of rejuvenation. Of course, like any scientist, he could not live without experiments. He selects the dog, and at the same time in the doctor's head a plan is born: he decides to perform an operation to transplant the pituitary gland. This experiment on the dog he does in the hope of finding an effective method for finding a "second youth". However, the consequences of the operation were unexpected.

For several weeks the dog, which was nicknamed Sharik, becomes a man and receives documents for the name Sharikov. Professor Preobrazhensky and his assistant Bormental try to impart to him decent and noble human manners. However, their "upbringing" does not bring any visible results.

Transformation into man

Preobrazhensky expresses his opinion to assistant Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental: it is necessary to understand the whole horror that Sharikov is no longer a dog's heart, but a human heart, and "the most lousy of all existing in nature."

Bulgakov created a parody of the socialist revolution, described the clash of two classes in which Philip Philipovich Preobrazhensky is a professor and an intellectual, and the working class is Sharikov and the like.

Bormental advises the professor not to read Soviet newspapers before breakfast, and if there are no others, then it is worthless to read at all. And openly admits: "Yes, I do not like the proletariat."

The professor, like a real nobleman, accustomed to luxury, living in a 7-room apartment and every day consuming various delicacies such as salmon, eels, turkeys, roast beef, and all this with cognac, vodka and wine, suddenly fell into an unexpected situation. In his quiet and proportionate aristocratic life breaks unbridled and arrogant Sharikov and Shvonder.

Domkom

Shvonder is a separate copy of the proletarian class, he and his company make up a house committee in the house where Preobrazhensky, an experimental professor, lives. They, however, took to fighting with him in earnest. But that too is not so simple, the monologue of Professor Preobrazhensky about the devastation in his head suggests that the proletariat and its interests are simply hated to him, and while he has the opportunity to devote himself to his favorite work (science), he will be indifferent to petty scammers and rogues Shvonder.

But with his family member Sharikov, he enters into a serious struggle. If Shvonder crushes externally, then from Sharikov so easily you will not disown, because it is he who is the product of his scientific activity and the generation of an unsuccessful experiment. Sharikov brings to his house such distemper and devastation that for two weeks the professor experienced more stresses than for all his lived years.

Form

However, the image of Professor Preobrazhensky is very curious. No, he is not an incarnate virtue. He has the same disadvantages as any person, he is quite selfish, narcissistic, vain, but alive and real person. Preobrazhensky became the image of a real intellectual, alone fighting the devastation that the generation of the Sharikovs bear. Is this fact not worthy of sympathy, respect and sympathy?

Time of revolution

The story "The Heart of a Dog" shows the reality of the 1920s of the twentieth century. Described are dirty streets, where signs are hung everywhere with promises of a bright future for people. An even more oppressive mood is caused by bad, cold rainy weather and the homeless image of a dog that, like most Soviet people of the new country under construction, literally survives and is in constant search for warmth and food.

Here in this chaos one of the few survivors of the dangerous and difficult time of the intelligentsia, Preobrazhensky, an aristocratic professor, appears. Character Sharikov, still in his canine body, praised him in his: that he "eats abundantly and does not steal, will not kick with his foot, and he does not fear anyone, because he is always full".

Two sides

The image of Preobrazhensky - as a ray of light, as an island of stability, satiety and prosperity in the terrible reality of the post-war years. He really is pleasant. But many do not like the man who, in general, everything is going well, but who does not have seven rooms - he wants another, eighth, to make a library in it.

However, the housekeeper began an intense struggle against the professor and wished to take his apartment from him. In the end, after all, the proletarians failed to harm the professor, and therefore the reader could not but rejoice over this fact.

But this is only one side of the medal of the life of Preobrazhensky, and if you delve deeper into the essence of the matter, you can see a not very attractive picture. That wealth, which has the protagonist Bulgakov, Professor Preobrazhensky, he, I must say, also did not suddenly fall on his head and did not inherit from rich relatives. His wealth he himself made. And now it serves people who have gained power, because now it is their time to enjoy all the benefits.

Parasites

Very interesting things are sounded by one of the clients of Preobrazhensky: "No matter how stolen, everything goes to a woman's body, champagne" Abrau-Durso "and cancer necks." But the professor, despite all his high morality, intelligence and sensitivity, does not try to reason with his patient, to re-educate or express displeasure. He understands that he needs money to support his usual lifestyle without need: with all the necessary servants in the house, with a table filled with all sorts of sausage types, not from Mosselprom or caviar, smeared with crispy fresh bread.

If we go in a logical way, Preobrazhensky gets the money stolen by the officials and tries to provide them with a long youth. It turns out that Preobrazhensky parasitizes on the theft of the authorities that came. Interesting thoughts and Sharikov: "The apartment is dirty, but how good it is!"

The dog's truth

In the work Professor Preobrazhensky dog heart uses for his experiment. It is not because of love of animals that he selects a worn out dog to feed or warm, but because in his head, it seems to him, a brilliant but monstrous plan for him has arisen. And then this operation is described in detail in the book, which causes only unpleasant emotions. As a result of the rejuvenation surgery, the professor has a "newborn" person in his hands. That's why, not for nothing, Bulgakov gives a talking name and status to his hero - Preobrazhensky, a professor who implants a dog that has got to him a cerebellum of a thief-recidivist Klimka. This gave fruit, the professor did not expect such side effects.

Phrases of Professor Preobrazhensky contain thoughts about education, which, in his opinion, could make Sharikov from a more or less acceptable member of a social society. But no chance was given to Sharikov. Preobrazhensky did not have children, and he did not possess the basics of pedagogy. Perhaps, therefore, the experiment did not go in the right direction.

And few people pay attention to the words of Sharikov that he, like a poor animal, was seized, tapped and now abhorred, and he, by the way, did not give his permission for the operation and can sue. And, most interestingly, no one notices the truth behind his words.

Teacher and Teacher

Preobrazhensky became the first teacher of literature for Sharikov, although he understood that to teach to speak - it does not mean to become a full-fledged person. He wanted to make a highly developed personality out of the beast. After all, the professor himself in the book is the standard of education and high culture and a supporter of old, pre-revolutionary mores. He very clearly defined his position, speaking of the coming ruin and the inability of the proletariat to cope with it. Professor believes that people need first of all to teach the most elementary culture, he is sure that using brute force, there is nothing to achieve in the world. He realizes that he created the creature with a dead soul, and finds the only way out: to do the reverse operation, since his educational methods did not work for Sharikov, because he said in conversation with the servant Zina: "Nobody can be torn ... For man and for the animal You can act only by suggestion. "

But the skills of demagogy, as it turned out, are absorbed much easier and faster than the skills of creative activity. And Shvonder succeeds in the education of Sharikov. He does not teach his grammar and mathematics, but begins immediately with Engels' correspondence with Kautsky, as a result of which Sharikov, with his low stage of development, despite the complexity of the topic from which he "swelled up," came to the conclusion: "Take everything and Divide! "This idea of social justice was better understood by the people's power and the newly-made citizen Sharikov.

Professor Preobrazhensky: "Ruin in the head"

It should be noted that the "Dog Heart" from all sides shows all the absurdity and insanity of the new system of society that arose after 1917. This was well understood by Professor Preobrazhensky. The character quotes about the devastation in the minds are unique. He says that if the doctor instead of performing operations, begins to sing in chorus, he will have a devastation. If he begins to urinate past the toilet, and all his servants will do it, then the devastation will begin in the restroom. Consequently, devastation - not in the closets, but in the minds.

Famous quotations of Professor Preobrazhensky

In general, the book "Dog Heart" - this is a real quote. The professor's main and striking expressions have been described in the text above, but there are a few more that are also worthy of the reader's attention and will be interesting for different reflections.

- "Everyone is in time who does not hurry anywhere."

"Why did they remove the carpet from the front staircase? What, does Karl Marx forbid keeping carpets on the stairs? "

- "Humanity takes care of this itself and in the evolutionary order every year stubbornly from the mass of all sorts of filth creates tens of outstanding geniuses who adorn the globe."

"What is this ruin of yours, an old woman with a stick?" The witch who knocked out all the glasses, extinguished all the lamps? "