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Ljuljajljaco volcano: where is located, geological history and other facts

The Ljuljajlako volcano is part of the mountain system - the Andes in South America. In clear weather, its mass can be seen for 200 kilometers. Particularly noticeable is its conical top, covered with snow and ice. The Ljuljajlako volcano is the fifth volcano in the world.

General characteristics of the volcano

Ljullyaylako belongs to the category of stratovolcanoes (acting). Despite the long calm, his calm is deceptive. So in the late seventies of the 18th century the ice silence was replaced by a sharp explosive eruption. Therefore, despite the fact that the volcano Ljullyaylako again for a long time fell asleep, the locals are not deceived by his sensitive sleep. He is called a "deceiver" (so the name is translated).

The volcano itself is located directly on the Chilean-Argentine border. It is located in the central part of the most extensive mountain system of South America - in the Andes. Where the volcano Ljuljajljako is concrete, it is possible to learn, having looked on a map. It is located in close proximity to the most waterless desert of the planet - Atakama. Here you can determine the geographical coordinates of the volcano Ljuljajljako. It is part of the Western Cordillera Ridge, Pune de Atacama plateau. 25 degrees 12 minutes S, 68 degrees 53 minutes W Are the coordinates of the volcano Ljuljajljako. Latitude and longitude, respectively, southern and western.

Geological History of Ljullyaylako

The first stage in the formation of the volcanic massif is the events that took place in the Pleistocene. In this geological period , a massive cone has formed, the upper part of which collapsed 150 millennia ago. These events are witnessed by the heap of remains of igneous rocks in the eastern part of the volcanic massif. Many kilometers of volcanic glass are deposited in Argentine territory.

The second stage of Ljuljajlako formation passed about ten millennia ago. During this period, an additional cone and several domes were formed. From this period, significant lava flows remained, most of which are concentrated on the northern and southern parts of the volcano.

The modern state of Ljullyaylako

At the moment the volcano Ljuljajljako is in a sleeping phase (solfatarnyj a stage). This stage is expressed by the periodic release from the cavities of superheated gaseous sulfur compounds.

The current height of the volcano is more than 6.7 km (absolute altitude) and about 2.3 km (relative altitude). These parameters allow attributing it to the second largest active volcano of the planet. The unique location of the volcano (next to the most arid and very hot area of the Earth) also determined the record height of the snowfield - more than 6 km. This is the highest level of the snow line on the planet.

Ljuljajljako and historical find

At the end of the twentieth century, scientists discovered on the slope of a mummy mountain of three Inca children - an echo of the ancient bloody rite of the ancestors of modern Incas. According to the historians, the children were sacrificed to Ljullyaylako. According to scientists, it happened about five centuries ago. It is noteworthy that the mummies were immediately nicknamed "children of the volcano Ljullyaylako", and the eldest girl is called the Frozen Virgin Juanita.

Such an amazing find has become possible due to the unique climate of the summit - very cold and dry air. All three mummies, as a result of a specially conducted expedition, were taken out and placed in freezers of the museum of the city of Salta (Argentina). Currently they can be seen on the exhibition stands of the museum.

This event gave the volcano the status of a historical monument. On the site of the find there is a special index.

The Conquest of Ljuliaillaco

The first recorded in the written sources of the conquest of the volcano was committed in 1952. This year climbers B. Gonzalez and H. Kharzeim climbed to the top. Climbing the summit is relatively simple: it does not require equipment from intermediate stations and camps from athletes and usually takes place during the day. The most optimal time for such a trip is the period from May to October. On the slope of the mountain there are strong winds.

Tips for tourists:

  1. The ascent is possible only according to the approved routes. In other areas difficult areas can be found, in addition, you can run into a minefield. The northern route is 4600 meters, the southern route is 5000 meters.
  2. Prior to the ascent, it is necessary to obtain permission, signed by CONAF, to leave in this organization data on the composition of the group, the route and the estimated time of the expedition.
  3. To save time and effort, it is better to use the services of a local guide.
  4. In preparation for the hike, you need to collect the necessary equipment (first of all you will need ice-axes and special climbing shoes to overcome the tough bast), clothes (at the top of the mountain, on the snowfield, the temperature will be much lower), water and food (there are no cafes and shops in the reserve , So you have to carry everything with you).

The Ljuljajljako volcano is the fifth tallest and second largest in the world. In addition, it has the highest height of the snow line on the planet.

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