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Basic laws of dialectics

The basic laws of dialectics are that, once upon a time, people's views on the problem of development have changed. There are three, but they can explain a lot.

The basic laws of dialectics were substantiated by Immanuel Kant, a great thinker who made a significant contribution to philosophy. Let's take everything in order.

Basic laws and categories of dialectics

What is dialectics? This is a theory that talks about how the development of all things is happening. This term is also used to refer to the method developed on the basis of this theory.

This direction of philosophy reflects the development of spirit, matter, knowledge, consciousness and other things through:

  • categories;
  • Principles;
  • Basic laws of dialectics.

The main problem in this case is the question of the essence of development. In general, it is customary to understand the change of ideal, as well as material objects. This is not an ordinary mechanical change, but a self-development that allows the object to move to a new level, to the highest degree of organization. Development is the highest form of movement, while movement is its basis.

The basic laws of dialectics in philosophy are as follows:

1. Struggle, as well as the unity of opposites. Its essence lies in the fact that at the heart of everything lie two opposite principles. These beginnings are among themselves in constant conflict. At the same time, their nature remains unified. As an example, one can call day and night, heat and cold.

Their struggle becomes an internal source of energy, movement and development.

It is important to note that the struggle can take place in different ways. The fact that it can be beneficial at once to both sides, one side always wins, and the second acts only as an irritant, the struggle can go until the complete destruction of any party. Neutrality, solidarity, assistance, mutualism are also possible.

2. The transition of quantitative changes to qualitative changes . Here the whole point is that quality is a certain stable system of some characteristics that are identical to being. The quantity is understood as the exhaustive parameters of phenomena or objects. It also introduces such a notion as a measure, that is, the unity of quality and quantity. This law is based on the fact that when the quantity changes, quality will inevitably change. These changes are not permanent - sooner or later it will be possible to observe the change in the measure. In other words, the changes will occur in the coordinate system itself. The point of change is the node.

To give an example of such changes can be the following: the gradual heating of water leads to an increase in its temperature. One hundred degrees Celsius is a knot. After reaching this mark, the water will begin to evaporate. It is established that changes under this law occur sharply or completely imperceptibly. As an example of the latter can be called evolutionary development.

3. Negation of negation. The bottom line is that the new exists only until it becomes old and it is replaced by something newer that will exist until it turns into the old itself. An example is the change of historical formations, the change of tastes and trends in culture, the evolution of the genus.

This law is based on the fact that development is spiraling, not along a line, that is, the same thing is repeated, but at different levels. It is important to understand that development can be both descending and ascending.

These are all the basic laws of dialectics. Categories are the following:

  • Content and form;
  • Universal, singular, special;
  • Reality and opportunity;
  • Phenomenon and essence;
  • Chance and necessity;
  • Effect and cause.

Note that the category is understood as the basic concepts that are used to solve specific problems.

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