Biography and work of Marx. Philosopher Karl Marx: interesting facts from life

The works of Marx, a famous German political thinker and economist, remain popular to this day, despite the fact that this man lived from 1818 to 1883. Together with F. Engels, he laid the foundations of Marxism.

Interesting facts from life

The works of Karl Marx attracted the active attention of people around the world to this person. A few interesting details about the writer:

• He was born in the family of a lawyer, a Jew by birth.
• The boy's baptism took place in the Evangelical Church. On this my father insisted, which for him meant giving up the faith of the family.
• The family initially had seven children, but four of them died before reaching adulthood. The rest of the two, except the philosopher, laid down their hands, so that he remained the only heir.

• During revolutionary activity he was considered an "undesirable person" in Belgium, France and Germany.
• The last 34 years of his life have passed in London.
• Considering his tombstone, one can see a call for the unification of proletarians in all countries.
• Karl Marx, whose biography and books are still of interest to many people, is unique even if only 1,343 thousand objects in various cities of the country were named in his honor in 2013 alone.
• Although it was he who gave impetus to the development of communism, the writer himself never came to Russia.
• His main work was "Capital".
• The life of Karl Marx ended on May 14, 1883. He was buried in the cemetery of Haygetsky.

Going into the work of the philosopher, people are willing to study his biography in more detail.

Biography of young years

Was born on 05.05.1818 in the German city of Trier. Parents, Father G. Marx and mother G. Presburg, were from rabbinic families. In 1824, they joined the Lutheran faith. The writer's father had a good education. His outlook was largely shaped by the philosophical ideas of Kant and the theories that emerged in the Age of Enlightenment.

In 1835, Charles entered the Faculty of Law of the University of Bonn, and then transferred to Berlin. In the academic years, the young man was fond of the history and decrees advanced by Fichte. He was impressed by the system formed by Hegel.

The philosopher sympathized with the ideas set forth by Feuerbach, A. Smith, D. Ricardo, Saint-Simon, Fourier, Owen, Weitling, Dez and Cabet.

The training was completed in 1841. In the spring of 1842, he received his doctorate after a thesis, aimed at comparing and criticizing the natural philosophy of Epicurus and Democritus.

Life Path and Political Activity

In 1843 the marriage of Marx and Jenny von Westphalen took place , the daughter of a close friend of their family.

After that, he worked in the publication "The Rhine Newspaper" as editor. In 1843, moved to the territory of Paris, I started an acquaintance with the democrats and socialists. It was then that he met Engels. From 1845 he lived in Brussels. In 1847 he was a member of the secret "Union of the Just." Then the work of Marx and Engels was published, The Manifesto of the Communist Party. Acted as a member of the "Union of Communists" in the period from 1848 to 1849. Revolutionary actions turned into a defeat. Then the philosopher returned to Paris. In 1849, his last move to London took place.

In the 50's he began to develop his own theory of economics. The philosopher often stayed in the library complex of the British Museum, where he collected information for his work.

Companion

The friendship with Engels, which began in 1844, lasted for forty years. Marx occupied the leading position in this duet. It was he who considered history from a materialistic point of view, developed a theory of value added. However, his comrade proved to be an excellent expert on commerce.

As a friend, he supported his companion in a creative and moral sense. Most likely, if there was not this union of like-minded people, the works that appeared at that time would not gain such popularity. Together they went through a revolution and emigrated to England after its defeat.

Main ideas

Companion Engels financially supported his companion, so the works of Marx continued to be published. In 1864, he organized the First International. In 1876 there was published the first volume of "Capital". The continuation was published already by Engels.

During the last years of his life, the philosopher took an active part in organizing the joint work of the proletarians. 40-ies. - a period when the biography of Karl Marx and work abruptly changed because of his transition from democratic and revolutionary ideas to communism. The theory of materialism in history was developed.

The works of Marx contain an emphasis on additional costs. The writer studied the way of the formation of capitalism, made the assumption about the inevitable transition to the communist construction of the system of functioning of society and substantiated his point of view. The main factor that stimulated this turn was the revolution of the proletarians. At the end of the XIX and XX centuries. The main works of Marx had a tremendous impact on the development of society and people's thoughts.

Works

Most fully about the philosopher's view of the economy can be judged by reading the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts written in 1844. At the same time, he analyzed Hegel's view of the legal order in the country. In 1845, the Holy Family appeared, and a year later the German Ideology, co-authored by Engels.

In 1847, the philosopher wrote "The poverty of philosophy." He also studied the peculiarities of the French class struggle during the period 1848-1850, the Civil War, criticized the Gotha program.

Much of Karl Marx's life and work was devoted to political economy. In this area, he was able to fully develop and communicate his ideas to readers.

In "Capital" can be traced a strict and clear structure. The philosopher revised Hegel's basic ideas and presented them in a more complex and detailed form. It describes what capital is, how it is presented in scientific thought and everyday life. The reader receives information about how his production takes place. Engels in the second volume supplemented the work with data on how to enrich it, and in the third he added a description of the forms of combining the circulation of finance with the creation.

Result of labor activity

The works of Marx pushed people to take decisive changes. In September 1864 he organized the First International, the purpose of which was to unite workers in various states.

In his "Capital" he explained in an accessible language how capitalism developed and what factors contributed to it. "Criticism of the Gotha Program" (1875) was aimed at analyzing the mistakes made by the leadership of the German democrats and socialists. The philosopher revealed two phases of communism.

When in 1876 the First International was dissolved, a new task appeared before the thinker - the creation of parties of proletarians in the countries of the world. These ideas were adopted by V. Lenin. He developed them in the conditions of a later time.

Heritage

With the passage of time after the death of Marx, many of his views were confirmed in practice. There were also those forecasts that did not justify themselves. There were assumptions that proved to be unreasonable.

As the philosopher supposed, industrial production is wholly dependent on the progress of technology and science. There has been an increase in the activity of economic lands, capital has become transnational, almost all states are present on the international market. Although Marx believed that the revolution would take place in the leading countries of the world market, it took place in Russia, which at that time was semi-old. During the conflicts and military actions of the twentieth century, nuances that were underestimated in the works of the philosopher came to light, but in most of his ideas he was right.